The Rumba Dance Essay examples -- Afro-Cuban, Cuba

The rumba is a dance that rivets its physique on the mind. Holding much history, it has been and is a dance of oppositions love and hate, aggressiveness and harmony, sensuality and prudence. Musically, it taps into the realms of technicality and improvisation. The dance and music is a marvel, leave a lusty taste in its trail so that a natural tendency towards it never fades. The origins of the rumba stem from Africa. The steps and call option of traditional rumba may have begun as remembered pieces of dance from the Ganga or Kisi people in Cuba, generalized groups of West Central African descent. few prospect that the Sara peoples of northern Nigeria are the originators of rumba, a similar dance is of rows of boys in front of rows of girls, approaching one another in movement and and so separating. In present-day Zaire, a traditional BaKongo dance called vane trip the light fantastic appears to directly link to rumbas progenitors. A characteristic suck up o ccurs when the bodies of a dancing pair meet, or almost meet at the navel. This movement mirrors the rumbas vacunao, a prominent feature in some forms of rumba. The name rumba possibly derives from the Spanish language, the word rumbo translates to route, rumba translates to heap pile, and rum is of course the liquor popular in the Caribbean. whatever of these words might have been used descriptively when the dance was creation formed. The name has most often been claimed to be derived from the Spanish word for carousel, or festival. Rumba developed in the 1850s and 1860s among free black slaves gathered to crush out their struggles with one another. Following the abolition of slavery in Cuba in 1886, wretched Cubans dealt with a society still emphasizing color and class, by... ...national dance. As a native Afro-Cuban simply put, This will never die. Nothing can dispel it (Farr 80).Works CitedPrez Jr., Louis A. On Becoming Cuban. Chapel Hill The University of northeast Carolina Press, 1999.Daniel, Yvonne. Rumba Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba. Bloomington indium University Press, 1995.Farr, Jory. Rites of Rhythm. New York HarperCollins Publishers, 2003.Shepherd, Verene A., and Hilary McD. Beckles., ed Caribbean slavery in the Atlantic world. Kingston, Jamaica Ian Randle, Oxford James Currey, Princeton, NJ M. Weiner, 2000.Moore, Robin Dale. Nationalizing Blackness Afrocubanismo and Artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920-1935. Diss. U of Texas at Austin, 1995. Ann Arbor UMI, 1995. 9534899. Roy, Maya. Cuban Music. Trans. Denise Asfar and Gabriel Asfar. London Latin America Bureau, 2002.

Comments on Society in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Comments on federation in Arthur Millers Death of a SalesmanOften time when we read literature, we seat derive certain ideas or messages that the author of the work is trying to illustrate. after(prenominal) reading the play Death Of A Salesman by Arthur Miller, it is evident that he is trying to comment on our society . These comments on society organism expressed are demonstrated in several examples throughout the play. I think the idea that Miller is trying to get across to the auditory sense is that, todays society is filled with people who dont get the credit they deserve for the subaltern things they do in life. These people in society are wish unsung heroes because the hard work they do might be overlooked. If others somewhat you see that you are non living up to their expectations or their standards, they whitethorn put you rase instead of giving you the credit you deserve. Other times we do not appreciate the little things that our loved ones do for us until it is too late. Usually these little things impact us the most. In this play, I think the unsung hero is no doubt Willy Loman, an aging salesman, father, and conserve to the Loman Family. For example in the play, Willy is getting old and his success in handicraft is suddenly declining. His salary was withal taken away, leaving him to depend plainly on commission. Because of this, his two sons Biff and Happy, along with others that knew him, constantly put him down for not always being on top, saying how he didnt generate any character, and that he was crazy. No one knew him at work any longer and no one showed Willy the respect he needed. Others looked down on him not realizing how exhausted he was trying to make a living conscionable for his family. In reality, Willy would drive 700 miles to work and come home without even earning a cent. He had to borrow money from Charley just to provide food on the table so that he could provide a future for his sons. I think that Willy shouldve been acknowledged for that in itself but instead, his two sons never even took the time out to thank him for just going out prevalent trying to make it in the world. Unfortunately, Biff and Happy could only amply realize this when Willy was at the end of his rope, secretly trying to kill himself.

Nitrogen :: essays research papers

north was isolated by the British doctor Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and recognized as an elemental gas by the cut chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier about 1776.Properties Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic gas. It can be condensed into a colorless liquid, which can in turn be sloshed into a colorless, crystalline solid. Nitrogen exists in two natural turns of isotopes, and quaternion radioactive isotopes have been artificially prepared. Nitrogen melts at -210.01 C (-346.02 F), boils at -195.79 C (-320.42 F), and has a density of 1.251 g/liter at 0 C (32 F). The atomic weight of newton is 14.007.Nitrogen is obtained from the atmosphere by liberty chit air over heated copper or iron. The oxygen is withdraw from the air, leaving northward mixed with some inert gases. Pure northward is obtained by partial evaporation of liquid air because liquid north has a junior-gradeer boiling point than liquid oxygen, the nitrogen evaporates come to first and can be co llected.Nitrogen composes about four-fifths (78.03 percent) by volume of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is inert and serves as a diluent for oxygen in longing and respiration processes. It is an important element in plant nutrition definite bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form, such as nitrate, that can be absorbed by plants, a process called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen in the form of protein is an important region of animal tissue. The element occurs in the combined state in minerals, of which potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Chile saltpeter (NaNO3) are highly important products.Nitrogen combines with other elements unless at very high temperatures or pressures. It is converted to an active form by passing through an electric discharge at low pressure. The nitrogen produced is very active, combining with alkali metals to form azides with the vapor of zinc, atomic number 80 cadmium, and arsenic to form nitrides and with many hydrocarbons to form nitriles . Activated nitrogen returns to common nitrogen in about one minute.In the combined state nitrogen takes has many reactions it forms so many compounds that a systematic scheme of compounds containing nitrogen in place of oxygen was created by the American chemist Edward Franklin. In compounds nitrogen exists in all the combination capacity states between -3 and +5. Ammonia, and hydroxylamine construe compounds in which the combination capacity of nitrogen is -3, -2, and -1, individually. Oxides of nitrogen represent nitrogen in all the positive combination capacity states.

“Social Construction of Reality”

Social Construction of honesty Reality is non an physical mark thing that is imposed upon us, but is created by us. Reality does non inhabit externally but internally, as each somebody or pigeonholing interprets it, and is always changing. Due to these concepts sociologists often speak about the accessible verbalism of raisedor which is essential to understand when attempting to explain serviceman neighborly behavior. Since real estate is the basis of peoples actions, W. I. Thomas states, If people define bewilderuations as real, they atomic number 18 real in their consequences.The accessible eddy of verity, piece beings social behavior and W. I. Thomass state workforcet be lead concepts that fit hand in hand and atomic number 18 consequential when attempt to explain maven other. Sociologists speak about the social pull of populace as a way to describe the significance of how bon ton shapes our interpretation of worldly concern. People coming togethe r to build humankind beings and define something as real because we define it as real. As sociologists explain the social construction of cosmos they have observed that each society or the social sorts that each person belongs to forms ones particular views on life.Our social construction of honesty constructs our views of how we nonice the world around us therefore affecting how we see reality and wherefore we do the things we do. People construct reality victimization the five senses sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste. For employwork forcet, when taking a table into consideration, one does not match to the concrete object but the moment we give it. If this kindred table were to fall out of the sky, land in a hobo camp and tribe people were to stumble across it they most likely would not use it in the same context but maybe as a bed or a sacrificial altar.The social construction of reality not only applies to inanimate objects but to relationships and the basis of h ow someone treats someone else, such as symbolic interactionism (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 15). Symbolic interactionism such as we attach meaning to things and this is how everyone understands akin views in the world and how we communicate with one another. This is evident when one dissects the idea of the enslavement of Africans, kn receive as the blanched mans burden. Whites specify blacks as less than human, savages or creatures that could not detain mutilate of their own minimal cognitive cerebrate.This understanding was the basis of slavery. another(prenominal) example is the idea of marriage and divorce, and how the institution is ever changing. Up until the wee 1900s marriage was viewed as a lifelong commitment, divorce was out(p) and shunned as being immoral and the abandonment of adult responsibility. In 1945 sociologists Ernest burgher and Harvey Locke noted that couples were feel at marriage as less of a lifelong commitment and more of an arrangement that wa s based on attractive feature and feelings, it became a situation that could be broken when feelings changed.Divorce became more common and was be more positive as freedom and new beginnings (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 16). An example of another reality is how from person to person there is no true explanation of success. The garner grade B brings on varied emotions depending on the individual. ace student would jump for joy to pass with the B while others would be sad, flat cry. In actuality B is just a shape, a letter of the English alphabet, given on base but what the person defines it as gives it meaning to their reality, and then forget about the + or - given go with with the letter grade.Our social construction of reality defines our behavior and how we respond to the meaning that we give these situations or objects. Human social behavior is what is based forward of once a reality is socially constructed. This is wherefore it is so important to first understand the concept of the social construction of reality onwar utmosteds trying to explain why people act the way they do. Because this object with four legs attached to a flat surface is defined as a table one uses it to eat on or sit at and not other things such as sleep on.If an individual were to use it as something else they would be looked at as being preternatural because they atomic number 18 not doing what is socially accepted or viewed as break of serve the rules. The concept of ethnocentrism is where a group of people tries to change another group of people to unclutter them like them so they can save them for their own good. This is done because according to their social construction of reality however the argue group behaves is wrong. This can be seen throughout history for example the crusades, as stated before the white mans burden in Africa, and the war in Iraq.During the days of slavery, treating a black individual maliciously was socially accepted because of the way rea lity was constructed. The changing attitudes toward marriage and divorce are evident when one looks at the trends. Marriage is not viewed the same as it was 100 years ago it is not necessary to be unify forming a family by age 15. This concept of social construction of reality as well as explains why patterns form and how people can develop similar behavior without having to know each other.On the streets of New York good sidewalk etiquette is defined as passing another person on the right, walking far enough not to brush the other person ,if one can help it, and ensuring not to look at the person when walking by. However, when every of these rules are broken it makes the other individual uneasy or even angry. But these unwritten rules arent necessarily the same in different parts of the world, for example in London it is socially correct that if you are walking towards and passing someone else that you part ways on the leftfield side.Other areas where unwritten rules exist are i n elevators, such as where and how to stand, and in addition seen in face-to-face conversations, such as eye contact and withdrawnness something known as personal space. Ones views for what is right from wrong also comes from the foundation on what one defines as real. W. I. Thomass quote, If men define a situation as real, its real in its consequences correlates promptly to the idea that human social behavior is based off of the social construction of reality.Thomas is analyzing that reality is a social product that is construed by whatever we define as real. Humans do what they do and react solely by the meaning we give things and not the things in and of itself. This is why money, gold and diamonds are valuable. Money is simply made of paper but because it is defined as currency we make it out to be very valuable. To better understand this notion one can narrow note of our system of crime and punishment, which is based off of W. I. Thomass thoughts.When the jury makes a decis ion, they are deciding on what they perceive as reality. They do not know exactly what happened but from witnesses and evidence they make this judgment. W. I. Thomass idea is significant in the study of human social behavior because it further proves that human actions are based off of the reality that something is true. This is why what is defined as normal varies from gloss to culture and the decided meaning to an object or action is arbitrary. The social construction of reality, human social behavior and W.I. Thomass quote, If men define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences are concepts that compliment one another. To be able to understand fully, one must(prenominal) be able to comprehend all concepts. When sociologists speak about the social construction of reality through the groups that we belong to we learn ways of looking at whatever happens to us and what we see because through social interaction is how we construct reality and from that point on is how we behave and respond.Its not a question of which came first the chicken or the egg, because in the eye of sociologists human social behavior is caused by the social construction or reality and W. I. Thomass statement is an abridgment of these concepts explaining mens definitions of situations given the meaning of what is what or who is who. It doesnt matter what is real or not, what does exist or not exist, because we give meaning or consequences to this reality that has been portrayed and instilled in our minds. References Henslin, J. M. 2011. Essentials of Sociology A Down-to-Earth Approach-9th edition. Pearson.Social Construction of RealityThe Social Construction of Reality is a work of hypothetical reasoning to the redefine the task and to broaden its range to understand the redefining of sociological association. dickhead L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann both argue that reality is socially constructed by the familiarity of the people for social reality is produced and communicate d amongst others. They emphasize on the fact that human is a part of a product of society and vice versa society is a product of human. Berger and Luckmann follow the Schutzs concept of viewing the reality of usual life as an intersubjective world- a world divided up with many others.Berger and Luckmann begin with emphasizing strongly on the multiple interpretations of reality amongst the intersubjective world they parcel of land. They argue the meanings that we, as human, interpret from the messages and what we situate ourselves in, is affected by our knowledge, our surroundings and our interactions. And what we interpret corresponds with others interpretations. Its a constant, ongoing paralleling conflict/ system between your individual meaning and others meaning of a message. Berger accentuates that we take the reality of everyday life for granted as reality. I felt in the way that he was criticizing humans for being ignorant and plastered minded(p) to what more the world can offer and only focusing on the views of our individual society. Human only seek to understand our individual knowledge of a subject, hence that I mentioned before in my interpretations, that our society is constructed by knowledge. I then concluded that Berger was arguing on the concept that we, as humans, are de-humanizing ourselves through our view of society. He gives off an example, which I exclusively agree with, to further emphasize on how humans can plough oblivious to the world that is outside OUR individual world.He speaks of a case, where an automobile artificer who knows of only American cars is put in a situation where a customer brings in a Volkswagen-a foreign-made car. Now this mechanic is required to bow the problematic world of foreign cars with curiosity to lead, or makes the choice to not leave his everyday reality. We, as humans (depending on the individuals personality) become cautious when the problematic world is presented to us. Whether the society invo lves humans to be risk taker, no human would leave their world of comfort and sanity to join and explore something completely different from the world they are familiarizing with.After hours of re-reading this excerpt, I finally got an idea or at least a gist of what Bergen and Luckmann argues. I then related their argument to past historical events or events that we deal and attempt with today. I related this excerpt to the struggle that women endured in the mid 1800s. Many, more in general, men, didnt recognize women were human with rights according to the governmental documentations. Men saw women as property, especially if they were married. Women were nude off their rights when married and were considered delicate and idle.Women possess the knowledge that they were equal to men they knew that the society there were stuck in was incorrect. So they, as delicate and weak beings took the chance to explore their own problematic world. And that lead to a movement, a strong revo lution consisting of women fighting for their rights. And the ignorance in this situation is presented through the share of the mens interpretation of what a woman is and the purpose they are to be serving in society. As Berger argues that we take our reality of everyday for granted, I agreed.In todays society, it becomes clear that certain women belittle themselves for men. In todays society, women dont realize how grateful we are to be able to a complete true citizen. From sending nudes and sell their body, it puts a strong movement that was revolutionizing in the19th century to waste. Women become close minded, exactly as Berger and Luckmann argued, and only see for their individual society. Thats why we need to vote at least to appreciate that the rights we now have were fought for, for us to be equal.

Organizational Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation

at presents organization because of world-wide competition and cost cutting had overhaul to great changes in the organizations conduct to greater effect of organizational behaviors. Some organizations atomic number 18 losing employees to separate organizations and whatsoever employees atomic number 18 losing their efficiency imputable to the lack of billet gaiety, or due to underline and/or due to lack of motivation, or combination of umteen factors. Col stragglet et al has described various factor effecting employees and its organizations in organizational behaviors, second edition. Controlling stress and self motivating is actually important to pass goals, and when goals are met lesson is elevated.Job merriment leads to organizational commitment and contrast performance. Almost each organization faces whatever kind of brain drain when an employee leaves the organization. Human resource management and carriages occupy developed many strategies to gain employee s and their problems, to improve organizational behaviors by providing exactings to employees cogitate to organizational commitment and engagement, as organizational commitment leads to wear out work performance and craft satisfaction, which leads to better timberland of product or service, which leads to more than than customers and growth in revenue.For an employee, bank line satisfaction may mean many things like good wage, prevalent promotions, enjoyable coworkers, work, authority/status, moral cause, environment, etc (Colquitt et al. , 2010). An employee with mellowed task satisfaction pull up stakes have naughty positive feeling for the work and organization, and pull up stakes have high motivation also. When an employee is motivated, attains line of business satisfaction consecutively performs better. Work related and non-work related stresses have an effect on organizational behavior. An employee has to control stress and reduce the strains caused by stress to take a better mind and decisions.Every generation has been demanding something from its people, with time people also became very ambitious and people who thrived and succeeded had always been division models for many ambitious leaders. Todays work place has became more challenging as business is no more concentrating to a fiddling group of people or region, instead businesses are done more globally, across continents targeting wide variant of people. Todays organizations are facing more competition, has to deliver more quality and quantity for less cost is putting its management and employees on the inch to stick out demanding work.Employees who are motivated work hard to meet the goals, when the goals are met their job satisfaction level increases. Last year I was workings in a multinational company and their primary business was related to telecommunications and data hauling over optical fiber. Most of my projects and applications are load-bearing(a) manufacturing and operations of the organizations, whose manufacturing was spread across mainly in USA, China and Thailand. Our group size was ten employees reporting to a manager. Every employee in the police squad was very happy, enjoyed the work, and took ownership of the project, worked with full commitment.On an average, every(prenominal) employee in the team up was with the company for at least 5 years. Senior most employees in the team was working with the same organization for 13 years and youngest was 2 years. Even though every employee was committed to their work, had job satisfaction in various factors, a couple of(prenominal) employees were stressed out and had negative satisfaction with regards to foul promotions. As few employees felt that the manager was biased and showing discrimination to one of the employee, corrupt employee who were with the company, team for wideer time.Even though every employee was very committed, showed high degree of job performance due to unsportsm anlike promotions and due to lack of growth opportunity, it demoralized employees, forcing to either quit or underperform or just do the given job kind of than deriving the best for the organization. What I noticed over the period is an employee who had stayed in the company for less than 2 years have high commitment, engagement, job satisfaction and moral anticipating that his work result be recognized some day and rewarded. In the case on employees who are more than two (2) and less than five (5) ears tend to lose their commitment, job satisfaction and moral as what they have anticipated never met or addressed.In our case, as in my team for more than five to eight years in that respect was no promotions neither growth track nor visibility. During that time, when the manager showed favoritism by providing high visible projects and tasks to one employee while demoralizing that others are not capable to do the task, had deeply wounded and demoralized team biography and motivatio n. After dragging feet for a while few employees either left hand and few just underperformed and continued to work for various other reasons. some employees including me, confronted the manager and raised objection for not providing proper growth opportunity, as on that point was no improvement in the situation, unable to stay there at the same time, unable to underperform, I applied for diametric organizations and quit the company. For an employee job satisfaction can mean in many ways, for few high pay means job satisfaction, for few promotions and recognition, for few if their supervisory program is polite and good, for few if their coworkers at work are friendly and helpful, for few if they like the work they do may bring job satisfaction (Colquitt et al. 010).According the Job characteristics supposition, variety, identity, significance, autonomy and feedback play a vital role in job satisfaction as in the new job workplace, when I ask senior most employees who are with th e company for more than twenty five years, their response is similar opportunity to switch to different tasks after few years, identity and engagement, significance and importance of the work and employee, granting immunity and independence to perform work and finally feedback and employee appreciation from managers and customers.It would be rough to satisfy every factor to hundred per centum but if every factor is addressed to a degree at least will lead to job satisfaction. The job responsibility puts an employee into stressful situation. If roles are at odds(p) or very ambiguous, it will lead into very stressful situation. If roles are conflicting, there can be a possibility of hurting the coworker and other team members, as in my case because of role conflict and ambiguity, astonishment started among coworkers and ultimately the task was delayed and deliverables were delayed due to improper discussion and uplication of work.To avoid coworker misunderstandings roles has to be very well defined to avoid conflicts and ambiguity. motif is very important for anything, our team was very motivated, took ownership of every project, worked to dissolve the issue and did not wait for direction. Freedom to perform the task and utilizing the operational resources primarily motivated the team. The company departd convenient if necessary hundred percent tele-working facility, employee can work almost from home that motivated few more than anything.Due to current recession, stable job motivates few employees and more pay sometimes satisfies and motivates. I like goal setting theory, as small goals will direct and drive to big goal. Working in IT for long time, I was able to complete entire project by geological fault the project into small pieces and completing one piece at a time. Based on my experience, I think goal setting theory is the best and will provide step by step glide path to the final goal. plaque and managers have to work with employees to unders tand the emotions of the employee, understand hearty points, and understand the weak areas of the employee. Every employee may not be an capable in all areas. It is the responsibility of manager to use the resources properly. If a manager doesnt utilize the resources properly then it will create a role conflict and stress related to work and coworkers. Employees have to glide by with managers and open the dialog, express the issues.Managers have to consider employees suggestions or issues and try to clear the issues. It would be difficult to address all issues, but honest feeling and honest no is far better than political statements. Organizations have to provide required trainings and periodically conduct surveys to understand the trend of the employees thoughts and organizational commitment. Organization losing an employee is a lose for both employee and organization and not just for one.Employee has to make the trust in the new organization, learn the business and gain kno wledge and for organization has to have to hire a new suitable employee and train the employee to perform the job. Organizational commitment is very important and to achieve high level of organizational commitment employee has to have high level of job satisfaction and job performance. High job performance will lead to good recognition. Good recognition will lead to high job satisfaction. As an employees keeps attaining recognition their motivation will be high to take more job responsibility.Even though job satisfaction means many things to many employees, ultimately job satisfaction leads to job commitment. In the present world, due to recession employees are very demoralized because of many rounds of layoffs, outsourcing. HR and organizations are frequently conducting surveys and employee meetings to update the status of the company, which will help employees to open a dialogue and express their concerns to their managers. Managers have to provide an honest opinion and try to res olve the issue. Organization commitment is very important for organization and employee.

Romulus My Father Notes for Belonging

* translate Questions * * Chapter 1 * 1. Romulus has a crisis in identity. He pure tones he is accepted in distinguishnership due to his skill in blacksmithing trade. Although accepted, he does non feel he locomotes due to his culture and heritage. His character is tied up with a strong incorrupt polity, in nameing troublesome, pride, communal strength and bestow to society but has no confidence in identity and how he fits in. He Always considered himself a Romanian. And entangle he belongs to that dissever of his heritage. He carried this culture through to Australia and keeps these character traits, which could be the rea password he is aside(p) socially.He is a religious man that takes education seriously and in the highest regards. He always knew poverty and hard work for the association rather than property, which is wherefore he was up to(p) to work so hard as a blacksmith for no pay. This shows his strength of character and good work ethic. He felt incline d to Europe and wherefore detached from Australia. In retrospect he was accepted by m both people due to his hard work but still didnt belong. * 2. Retrospective, hard working sooner and after school. Romulus prides himself on character.The luxury that he didnt agitate his son now is qualified to enjoy. Also non having a childhood because he worked the whole time. Raimond was able to become a writer and enjoy more(prenominal) creative things in life. He had free time where as his engender didnt. His dad grew up with lilliputian money and had to work for all the money he contracted where as Raimond didnt have to work as much. Most importantly however, Raimond was able to enjoy a intellect of belong when he was growing up to his start out and family. Romulus was unable to enjoy whatever(prenominal) real sense of belong whilst growing up.Raymond would not have the equivalent work ethic as his paternity His dad thought that everything would trip upthe around his work . He worked before and after school. Romulus is a pragmatist or a practical man due to his job to get things done. This is because of his lack of childhood he has no humor, etc. Raimond was not made to contribute to the family and community as much as his baffle. He doesnt always need to work for money he came from a communist country so he worked for community. Education was very important to him and becomes apparent through his child.He was a very strong, integrity, incorruptible, non-negotiable, religious and inflexible man. * 3. In retrospect or hindsight Raimond is able to show his perspective contrasting to his fathers perspective. Childhood as we know it positions the endorser to shed light on that childhood is a pocket-size time frame and some do not enjoy it such as his father. It makes people realize how hard times were approve then. * 4. The use of past and present puree enables the author to show his perspective of things and relate things to present day situation s. This as well as positions the reader to understand hindsight and retrospectively. 5. He was a working class unconnected to middle class. This is because he is a blacksmith and works hard long hours to get money and gets by with minimalistic things. Romulus believes that she is snobbish and her activities such as going to the theatres were erroneously snobby. Christines parents were able to accept him dismantle though there was a distinct inconsistency in class because of Romulus availability to clothes through the black-market. He was able to get food and clothes from the money he made. The money he earned allowed their relationship to be socially acceptable. * Chapter 2 * 6.The labels immigrant, irrelevanter and new Australian are used to set a tone of lunacy. It takes a clear separation among the Australians and the Bolts. Romulus felt no anger or no resentment or indignation, or any otherwise response which depended on the assumption that he was owed something better . He was able to reconcile the terms preceding(prenominal) by having no negative feelings. He also held onto his young dreams of a new life and so he saw his twain years of bondage as a little interim, * 7. (p. 13) Baringhup hay day late 1800s. Cheeses were famous won many prizes. smooth town. 00 kids at school. Flourishing community and therefore belonging to community. 1950 became a tracing town. Rather sentimental, treader feels bad that the community has diminished. The juxtaposition amidst the two paragraphs of the heyday compared to the ghost town of 10 houses and convenience store. Camp big(a) in gold rush. When they werent working, little to do. Movies on sat dark and occasional dances hosted. Immigrants didnt like the eucalyptus. * 8. The landscape became symbolic of Romulus sense of aberration because of the sentiment the Romulus feels like a stranger due to the surround.He doesnt key out the harsh and perceived blandness of the Australian scenery. He has a f ervent desire for the European atmosphere shown, He longed for the generous and soft European folio. Romulus finds the gum trees, Symbols of deprivation and barrenness (p. 14) This shows him being alienated and feeling foreign due to the landscape and he feels that he would look directly to the foliage and always turned away offended. (p. 14) It is Romulus memories being based around the versatile and beautiful European environment that is one of the reasons he feels lost and dislocated in Australia. 9. Romulus establishes a sense of community in his new environment with the other Romanians, Hora and Mitru. He asked the man who greeted any new arrivals whether there were any other Romanians. In searching for them it shows his need to find a sense of belonging. He sought them out and they became friends quickly, depicts the idea that they all undeniable a companionship and somewhere to belong amongst the foreign surroundings. This idea that it an essential part to the human sp irit is demonstrated through the use of the concise phrase and wording of this bonding.The lack of detail in this part shows that immediately they grouped out to find somewhere to belong and then after that was settled, other factors were now able to take place. This is reinforced by the principles of Maslows pecking order of needs. It is through the searching for common people that Romulus shows his spiritual needs to belong and connect. * * Chapter 3 * 10. The landscape illustrates a feeling of belonging or disaffection to a place. A dead red gum stood only a hundred meters from the house and became for my incur a symbol of her desolation. This shows how the countryside invokes ideas of desolation and alienation into his get under ones skins mind. The use of symbol and irony of the Australian tree that is renowned for unyielding through harsh conditions contrasting with Christine who has a mental breakdown and has to back away from many commitments and is viewed to have ver y little character and any sagaciousness towards going through a tough time. The peppercorns were planted as though to mediate between local and European landscapes. Shows that there is not only despondency with the outback but also a understanding of belonging.These two quotes bring into being a stark juxtaposition from the gum trees to the peppercorns, which reminded his father of home. This inkling is backed up with the description of Frogmore. The farm being a simple place with no electricity or running water, rats and snakes dungeon under the house and 6-7 pounds for workers in the area creates the primitive existence. This contributes and reinforces the concept of isolation and desolation through surroundings. The use of the descriptive and al around poetic lyric poem emphasizes these points. Also Raimond retrospectively looks back at how his mother felt.These points demonstrate tensions between the desire to belong and alienation. * 11. Christine was always troubled an d spoiled which lead to her abject isolation. She stemmed to self-harm, then sort out reconciliation. She did this by looking for gild or someone to belong to. She had an affair with Mitru, which didnt last long. due(p) to her alienation, she felt deprived and overdosed on sleeping tablets. She was alone, small, frail, walking with an uncertain gait and distracted air. Shows how the separation has affected her. The use of visual imagery shows how small she is compared to the vast environment. She appeared forsaken. As though she had returned from the dead. The use of Religious and biblical allusion create a mellow dramatic setting. People view her as a drama queen. Raimond writes the book in hindsight in a sorrowful manner. As though to give the reader the interpretation that he feels sorry for her and what she had to do. He tries to understand her feelings of isolation and seclusion. He tries to be sympathetic towards her in retrospect, even though at the time, she was widely considered pathetic. * 12. Romulus, as an immigrant from a European background, finds it hard to fit in among Australians.This could be due to his character and strong example enrolls, but also due to him just being different. Him being terror-struck of the snake, and unused to the tinder-dry conditions caused Romulus to set fire to a large proportion of the property. My father was the focus of their hostile attention. This goes to show that they do not accept him at this point in time and therefore does not belong to any the people or the environment. They all believe he is too different. This is lay with the change in shorter paragraph structure to emphasis the change in opinion.People attributed his survival to my fathers prompt and sensible action. This shows how he is not completely outcast and he does belong to certain parts of the society despite his differences and misunderstandings with some locals. * * Chapter 4 * 13. Horas connection with Romulus illustrates a lo ggerheaded sense of belonging and their combining for an enterprise. Hora however, does not watch Christine. There is a contrast between belonging with Hora and Romulus and his alienating attitude to Raimonds mother. He and Hora, together, gives a hint of the bondage and belonging to one and other. They had quarreled and they quarreled, deeply juxtaposes the idea of belonging and indicates a stark reality of separation and disconnection. Heightened his impatience with my mother. Shows that Hora has little respect for Christine. The constant argument between them also goes to show that he has such little respect for her. The emotive diction used in my mother was stricken with remorse, helps to bring out the irony in the statement. The mother had not cared about her husband, was selfish, flirtatious with other men, exaggerated, had a false pull down and was incapable of sympathizing with another person yet she had remorse.We nates appear further disrespect through the use of hu mdrum and factual lyric Hora disliked her and did not respect her. Also through the use of symbolism such as with the oranges, eggs and milk. They are symbols of looking after and a sense of responsibility, also the relationship tension between him and Christine. However a connection to Romulus and Raimond is shown through respect in contrast to disrespect with his mother. He goes to the effort to get oranges distributively week he carried groceries, fruit and anything else we needed p. 45 my mother was unmoved by his efforts p. 45.The eggs are a positive symbol of belonging, responsibilities from belonging, carrying the family, respect for Romulus and therefore belonging to family. It also is a symbol of livelihood. The milk shows responsibility of wanting Raimond to eat right and once more respecting Romulus ways. Carriedin a heavy sack on his back symbolizes him carrying the clog and responsibility of belonging to the family on his back. This is the upmost respect for Romulus , doing it whilst despising Christine in the process. Hora carrying them It is through these statements that we can clearly see the contrasting respect for Christine to Romulus. 14. moderate auf mein lieber Fritz exemplifies the connection between Hora and Raimond. This represents Horas sense of responsibility and mark of respect to Romulus. Our previously affectionate relationship, shows a strong connection between the two. Although it changes meagrely due to disciplinary action, he still is a father watch and they find a feeling of belonging to each other. The use of a cliche when I was sailing close to the wind, emphasizes the belonging and respect that Raimond has for Hora, that he would never try to cross the border line.The relationship serves a plan of showing belonging to each other but not belonging with place. Their close attachment through alienation, because they feel so left out, they mould a close relationship with each other. The close bond between them is symbol ic of him belonging to the family in replace of Romulus as a footmark in father. This close relationship is shown. * 15. Like most Europeans sets Romulus apart from Raimond because of the strong moral codes. The razor is important because it shows how strong Romuluss moral code is. Raimond lied about steeling the razor.Romulus gets more angry about him lying about it rather than steeling it as well. This shows the strength in his moral code and overreacts with a vicious beating of Raimond for a corruption in his character. We see the repetition or theme of character appearing in this part of the chapter. This focus of character emphasizes the disconnection, difference and contrast between Romulus like most Europeans and Raimond. As Raimond didnt see himself as European he feels the isolation and separation in pressure on strength of character.Romulus also feels bewildered as Raimond says retrospectively, He feared that I would be like my mother. This shows that Romulus feels Raim ond is closer to his mother than him and could maybe belong better with her. The cut throat razor shows the difference in times as Romulus values the razor for its craftsmanship and esthetical value. Raimond however, feels that it could be used to cut wood and doesnt value it as much and therefore throws it in the river. This again shows the lack of belonging Raimond has to his fathers European background.Retrospectively he looks at them belonging to each other and he has maximum respect for his father even though at the time there is more tension and disconnection. I knew my father valued truthfulness above most things, This sets high moral codes which may have led to him not belonging due to the higher than normal standards and values set. Through this we can see Raimond and Romulus are separated through this strong moral code even though they may appear to belong. * 16. The relationship between father and son is strongly depicted through the Spartan description of Frogmore life .There is a change in language, the Spartan lifestyle shown by simple, banal and prosaic sort of language. This is a symbol of a beginning to belong to each other and possibly the environment. This contrasts with the next passage, which is crammed with rich and emotive language. This also shows a sense of connection and belonging to education and the belief in acquire they posses. Romulus leg is mended and he is able to go back to his trade, being a blacksmith. This creates a sense of harmony. Romulus becomes connected, not with community but with his son, trade, past and background.Descriptive language highlights the new sense of belonging. This was better than the poultry farming. , Classical hammer get the better of iron work, Took such pride, crafted so superbly, racy amounts of fruit. These use excessive adjectives, over description and exaggeration to create an appearance of harmony and peace to the reader. This helps the reader to become more attached to their relationship after times of adversity. This is a happy time for Romulus and therefore a happy time for his son. Present participles have an emotive instal all creating a sense of belonging between father and son.

Outline for Quiz

ideology operates mainly at the level of connotations, the secondary, a great deal unconscious meaning that texts and pr solveices carry, or can be made to carry. D. Ideology is encountered in the practices of everyday life and not simply in authorized ideas almost everyday life. inquiry 3 of 20 Which of the by-line is not one of the definitions of universal last. Popular enculturation is A. The coating that is left all over after we render decided what is spunky flori destination B. An authentic finale that originates from the people C.A site of struggle between the resistance of subordinate groups and the forces of incorporation operating in the interests of dominant groups. D. A amicableization which emerged during feudalism Answer Key D motility 4 of 20 Which of the following is non one of the purposes of the flooring (2009) book? A. Let is about the theorizing that has brought us to our present stage of sentiment on crop up civilisation B. Let is about exp loring the historically firm set of touristed texts and practices that argon the objects of customary flori nuance C.It is about how the changing terrain of normal culture has been explored and mapped by distinct heathenish theorists and different metaphysical approaches. D. Let is about introducing readers to he different ways in which favourite culture has been analyzed and the different popular cultures that have been dodgeiculated as a result. chief 5 of 20 Which of the following statements is non culture from the perspective culture and civilization custom of Matthew Arnold? civilization is A. The ability to sleep together what is best B. What is best C. The mental and physical application of what is best D.The interestingness of what is Answer Key C misgiving 6 of 20 correspond to Matthew Arnold, the complaisant function of culture is to A. Police the disruptive presence of the in the altogether and uncultivated masses. B. Provide an all- encompassing patt ern for living C. The material and monetarily attributes inevitable for people to carry out a collective life D. take exception ethnical and social authority Answer Key A interrogation 7 of 20 harmonise to the culture and civilization tradition, which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of education in terms of culture? A. To civilize the workings phratry for subordination, deference and exploitation B.To prepare the middle-class children to the cultural provide that is to be theirs C. Training to resist the influence of mass D. To develop skills in cultural relativism and the pluralistic approach to cultural meaning. Question 8 of 20 According to the Alleviates, which of the following was NOT a cause or note of the cultural decline A. Advent of Industrial Revolution B. Rise of rush Democracy C. Advertising and how it is consumed D. Unquestioning assent to authority Question 9 of 20 Which of the following is a point in the mass culture debate? A.The majority choose second- and third-rate cultural texts and practices instead of the texts and practices of utmost culture B. Popular culture serves a benign function for socialise people into the pleasures of consumption in the new capitalist-consumerist society C. Without high culture, the States is under threat from Grahams Law of culture. D. triple of these options are correct. Question 10 of 20 Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions that the culture and civilization tradition sought to confirm? A. Cultural decline B. Cultural difference C. The aim for cultural relativity D. He need for cultural deference Question 11 of 20 According to Grandstand, textual analysis is a string of interpretative work that includes the think over of A. Media genres B. Narrative analysis C. Scholarship on the politics of representation D. All of the to a higher place Question 12 of 20 Grandstand claims that most of the new and interesting work on popular culture is being done A. By cultural socio logists B. Outside sociology C. In anthropology D. By the Frankfurt School Question 13 of 20 According to Grandstand, drawing on the theory of hegemony developed by Antonio Grammas, cultural studies A. O not produce important work on popular culture B. Seem to be too close to its British roots to excuse the phenomenon of globular culture C. Have not been very influential at American universities D. Placed meaning, ideology, and power relations at the center of theorizing Question 14 of 20 According to Grandstand (2008), the challenge of defining popular culture results from A. The existence of too many cultural forms B. Different ways that scholars conceptualized it for analysis C. The postmodern condition D.None of the above Question 15 of 20 Grandstand (2008) claims that different definitions of culture clearly embody A. Different assumptions and political orientations about popular culture B. Particular scholars preferences for specific cultural forms C. The different socioecono mic backgrounds of scholars D. III of the above Question 16 of 20 end product of culture perspective refers to A. The Marxist perspective B. Debates about how to interpret culture C. The empirical conceive of culture-producing organizations within specific institutional contexts D.None of the above Question 17 of 20 According to Grandstand (2008), the majority of contemporary pop culture scholarship is tied to the media, especially television, collectable to A. The proliferation of media technologies B. The expansion of media systems in the U. S. And abroad C. The increasing connectedness of the media to other cultural pursuits D. III of the above Question 18 of 20 The embedded consumption refers to A. The blurring of boundaries between consumer and consumed in the use of new media B. Marxist view of the relationship between culture and capitalism C. He excessive use of new media technologies D. The dangers in apply the new media technologies Question 19 of 20 According to Grand stand (2008), the affirmatory aspect(s) of todays cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are) that it A. Is not bound by old hierarchies of positioning and distinction B. Creates a great deal of cultural choice due to the use of new technologies C. Is highly participatory Question 20 of 20 The negative aspect(s) of the todays cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are) A. The growing consolidation of media/ entertainment industries and monopolizing of popular culture B. Globalization of culture C. TTS elitism Which of the following does Cultural stress? A. mental synthesis B. The popular C. Human agency D. Education Which of the following theorists identified that in that location was a good popular culture of the working class in the respond? A. Hall and grapple B. Haggard C. Thompson D. Williams Which of the following theorists provided the basis of Cultural by identifying a social definition of culture as a circumstance way of life? A. Hall and Handle C. Leaves Which of the followin g theorists identified class as a historical phenomenon and provided an approach to culture that included a history from below?A. Hall and Handle Which of the following theorists developed a category for good popular culture? A. Hall and Handle Which of the following is NOT a level of culture identified by Williams? A. Lived B. Recorded culture C. Culture of selective tradition D. Mass culture The ability individuals have to be active in their own choices, and to make choices ND act in a way that can change structure/society, refers to A. shaping B. Human agency C. Mass culture D. youthfulness culture Which of the following statements about Cultural is NOT true? A.There is an assumption about cultural decline B. There are different types of culture, and they should all be analyze C. There is a fundamental difference of value between high culture and popular culture. D. III popular culture is bad. Which of the following theorists frame they needed to alter their theoretical approa ch when youth culture was taken into account? A. Hall and Handle Which of the following theorists based their analyses on a desire for a democratic account of culture, and based their solution to the culture crisis on a desire for a common culture? A.Hall and Handle According to Barnett and Allen (2000), the following form of culture has been largely ignored from the study of the relationship between popular culture and social class A. medication B. New media C. Film D. Fashion The study by Barnett and Allen (2000) compares A. The members of different ethnic and racial groups in terms of their film-viewing B. Members of the upper-middle class and members of the lower- raciest middle class in terms of their filigreeing practices C. Men and women in terms of their film-viewing practices D. III of the above The study by Barnett and Allen (2000) finds that members of the upper-middle class A. Eave viewed more(prenominal) films of all types than lower-middle class members B. Have vie wed more art films than the lower-middle class members C. Have viewed more films on videocassette than members of the lower-middle class D. III of the above Katz-Egger (1999) finds that one of the main determinants of leisure-time patterns and music preferences is A. Race B. Education C. sex activity D. Class According to Katz-Egger (1999), various studies show African Americans and white Americans get into in the arts at similar rates and that the effectuate of fly the coop on highbrow culture participation are weaker than A. Ender B. Income C. Place of abode Lopes (2006) argues that comic books have been A. Considered an important form of popular culture in the U. S. B. Have been brandmark as a form of culture since their inception in mid-sass C. Have been considered a form of high culture removed the U. S. D. None of the above According to Lopes (2006), low status and stigma are related but differ in distinct says as social phenomena, in such a way that a popular cultural form A. Could have low status but not be stigmatize (e. G. Country music) B. Could have low status and be stigmatize (e. . Rap music) C. That has low status results more negative social effects than a cultural form that has been stigmatize D. Only A and B Lopes (2006), argues that stigma, as far as a cultural form is concerned, A. stack attach to various social objects, including both forms and practitioners B. Can be global or more specific to genres, styles or social roles C. Stigma unremarkably implies potential harm or pathology . 0 points 1 D. Only B and 24 Answer Key D 24 Question 20 of 2025 Mikhail (1997) claims that the Museum of Modern Arts activities on behalf of animation A. Ere insufficient B. Illuminate larger questions about cultural value C. Carefully balanced an elitist disdain for mass culture against belief that popular entertainment should be preserved and disseminated as art 1. 0 Points According to Mikhail (1997), art museums fulfill the following role(s) A. Preserve cute objects B. Educate the public C. Set standards by which objects are considered art Question 1 of 20 1. 0 Points Altimeters key contribution to the study of popular culture was focused on theories related to A. Mass culture B. average/Superstructure relationships C.Hegemony D. Ideology In popular culture studies, organic intellectuals refer to B. Collectives C. Superstructure D. Youth A. Longitudinal Which approach to the study of popular culture sees popular culture as the negotiation between dominant and subordinate cultures, a row marked by both resistance and incorporation? A. Cultural B. Culture and Civilization Tradition C. Frankfurt School D. Hegemony Which approach to the study of popular culture sees popular culture as a threat to social standards, debilitating the working class, and maintaining social authority?