Nitrogen :: essays research papers

north was isolated by the British doctor Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and recognized as an elemental gas by the cut chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier about 1776.Properties Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic gas. It can be condensed into a colorless liquid, which can in turn be sloshed into a colorless, crystalline solid. Nitrogen exists in two natural turns of isotopes, and quaternion radioactive isotopes have been artificially prepared. Nitrogen melts at -210.01 C (-346.02 F), boils at -195.79 C (-320.42 F), and has a density of 1.251 g/liter at 0 C (32 F). The atomic weight of newton is 14.007.Nitrogen is obtained from the atmosphere by liberty chit air over heated copper or iron. The oxygen is withdraw from the air, leaving northward mixed with some inert gases. Pure northward is obtained by partial evaporation of liquid air because liquid north has a junior-gradeer boiling point than liquid oxygen, the nitrogen evaporates come to first and can be co llected.Nitrogen composes about four-fifths (78.03 percent) by volume of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is inert and serves as a diluent for oxygen in longing and respiration processes. It is an important element in plant nutrition definite bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form, such as nitrate, that can be absorbed by plants, a process called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen in the form of protein is an important region of animal tissue. The element occurs in the combined state in minerals, of which potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Chile saltpeter (NaNO3) are highly important products.Nitrogen combines with other elements unless at very high temperatures or pressures. It is converted to an active form by passing through an electric discharge at low pressure. The nitrogen produced is very active, combining with alkali metals to form azides with the vapor of zinc, atomic number 80 cadmium, and arsenic to form nitrides and with many hydrocarbons to form nitriles . Activated nitrogen returns to common nitrogen in about one minute.In the combined state nitrogen takes has many reactions it forms so many compounds that a systematic scheme of compounds containing nitrogen in place of oxygen was created by the American chemist Edward Franklin. In compounds nitrogen exists in all the combination capacity states between -3 and +5. Ammonia, and hydroxylamine construe compounds in which the combination capacity of nitrogen is -3, -2, and -1, individually. Oxides of nitrogen represent nitrogen in all the positive combination capacity states.