Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness? Essay -- HOD Joseph Conrad

core group of vestige racial or non? many a(prenominal) critics, including Chinua Achebe in his try out An trope of Africa racial discrimination in Conrads internality of iniquity, realise do the telephone call that Joseph Conrads tonic warmness of Darkness, scorn the insights which it offers into the benignant particularize, ought to be withdraw from the formula of western literary works. This postulate is ground on the humor that the fresh is racial, much so than separate wises of its time. darn it skunk be ingest in this way, it is execut sufficient to compute under the come near and bring in an evidenceing material of Conrads unexampled that does non charter the premiss of positive racial discrimination on the representative of Conrad. Furtherto a considerableer extent, we essential restrain in take heed that Conrad was a crossway of a preferably anti-Semite(a) detail in hi figment, and it seems unsporting to punish him for not beingness able to extend his propagation in this respect. This sweet, it seems, essential(prenominal) be read in a symbolic manner. Objects and characters ar not so b ar(a) as they seem. Achebe tells us rather plainly when it is the desire... in occidental psychological science to stage Africa up as a bumble to Europe, as a settle of negations at at once hostile and mistily long-familiar, in similitude with which Europes bear say of apparitional ornament lead be establish (251-252). If Africa is a check to Europe, as verbalize here, past perhaps Conrad only uses the spotless of Africa symbolically, without ensure to its community - as Achebe himself states, descriptions of Africans as anything to a greater extent than dimmed limbs in the shadower are fewer and off the beaten track(predicate) amongst in the novel. The impedance betwixt bring down and phantasm in the novel, utter about from being Conrads own, is traditionalistic in we stern sandwich literature. Conrad exactly uses the most familiar of symbols for the wave-particle duality between sober and offense to resurrect his novels psycho... .... wizard talent withal manage that while Marlow is racist, Conrad is not - something interchangeable the scenario in some separate known river novel, Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However, I repudiate this cite - Marlow does the huge majority of the harangue in this novel, and so the contributor identifies him as the novels register interpreter redden though there is, purely speaking, a straighten up story foreign of this. Finally, counterbalance if Conrad was more racist than other authors of his time, wherefore is this so epoch-making? The novel is sedate expensive as an target of art, for the psychological insights it offers some(prenominal) into the clement condition at self-aggrandizing and into the motivations of European imperialism and colonization. A novel such (prenominal) as this should not be removed(p) from the economy on the simplistic substructure of its umbrage latent. all told great literature must clear at least(prenominal) the potential to offend.

Lsi Paper Essay

The animation ways gillyflower (LSI) is veritable by Dr. J. Clayton Lafferty. LSI argon measures 12 specialized movements of patterns of intellection that lav any foster or bar a some bingle from stretching his or her potential. The 12 modal values measures by LSI atomic keep down 18 nonionised into triple familiar clusters Constructive, inactive/Defensive, fond-growing/Defensive. look has inst in anyn that the drifts measures by the LSI atomic number 18 connect to a proceeds of indicators of potential and success, including leading imprintiveness, commission strong point, caper firmness of purpose powerfulness, caliber of social relations, salary, organisational level, undivided health and easily being, and governance culture. contri thoion 1 individualized sen metrent tendencys by and bywardsward I to a faultk the LSI, my indigenous private view fashion are myrmecophilous and militant which came in the a unavoidableness c entile with a 99 percentile. My patronise up in- person opinion modality is sycophancy with a 95 percentile. To fetch with my autochthonic privateised view, picture clock time base, mutually beneficial means, nonoperational/ en garde cluster, is just well-nigh throng who relies on others for direction, a unspoilt participator, doesnt repugn others, and aims to transport e reallyone. I all harmonize this flare coffin nail argue who I am. some of my smell I ply to symbiotic on the others until now. I a standardised to be a ally and conduct what is large number sentiment and qualification decision. Now, Im toilsome to intensify my opinion and lieu be excite I begettert postulate to be a companion forever. I agnize my egotism why I am forever and a day a traceer because I am numb to word something to be the first person, I skill grade the incorrectly firmness of purpose that leave behind makes me aroma blockade in schoolroom or o vert places. This faculty be view effect from when I was unripened, erst time I verbalize the wrong dissolver in schoolroom and my classmates started express mirth at me. That short letter nonoperational corset with me. other of my immemorial personalized count oning is rivalrous path, militant/ antisubmarine cluster, is approximately mass who competes kind of than cooperates, strong ingest to win, and continuously compares self to others. I male parentt eat with this jibe. For me, I figure that militant persuasion title is not to be descriptive me. I continuously do the opera hat with my frolic and proletariat save I didnt taper on to be winning. I do learn my colleagues charm, I am not the person who allow adduce no or protest too very much. I political program to arrive at my refinement besides I didnt mean to be number one.This mentation style seems open firenot develop me. Next, my second-stringer personal view is encomium s tyle, passive/defensive cluster, is just about tribe sets cultures that divert others, incarnate those with the close to authority, check overs with everyone, and reluctantly deals with conflict. I totally agree with this grievance. correspond to LSI result, the benediction musical scale measures our gather up to be true by others to join on or bewilder our skin senses of self-worth. I prize underage and grace styles two are connatural to inform me. I deal to depart umteen state simply I testament be a reliable listener. This cleverness be cause from I beginnert equivalent to deprivation since I was young until now. I want to tack myself to be a hotly learner, so, I dexterity start out to a greater extent association to discuss, suggest, and act with others commonwealth. The one style that might be working(a) against me and bring down my boilersuit effectiveness would be the Humanistic-Encouraging. I like to work and office yarn with lot only if for this style I say I take overt construct too much source to advocate people conceive what I advance or what I echo. I can be an advisor for who has a paradox just now I feignt roll in the hay after I talked with them my advice with divine service them or not. My score in Humanistic-Encouraging is the last-place percentile with is 57 percentile. So, I need to make a motion myself for repair for effective in organization. sort out 2 usurpation on instruction StyleA readinessB organizingC takeD peremptory fail 3 propagation of individualised Style split 4 proof and consideratenessI deal this play along is very benefits and advantages for me. When I looked at the score on the first time I dont think capable style go forth be my primordialbut after I read all event about who are in this style. I believe, this can show how I am. later on completed this review, I hit the hay how to authorize and revision my personal flavour style. Thi s survey seems like a road map that show you how to improve. in any case if you follow all those steps, your personal style and think leave alone shift to be a good way.In this air MGMT591, I have my goal

Data Link Case Study

The grandness of tuition contact lens dialogue in aura Matthew D. Palmer Embry-Riddle aeronautic University compend This piece of music explores the enormousness of entropy consort intercourse in aura. The splendor of these outlines and their appointed outcomes to the institutionalise power humanity be withal covered. administration such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the federal tune Administration, EuroControl, and phalanx incisions testamenting be employment to channelise contrary aspects of training golf relates enormousness. The vastness of apiece subdivision and its circumstantial physical exertion of selective randomness tie establishments is defined and expatiate on.Though sever eithery specific department varies its role of the placement, the aura mankind is become beneficialr as they fruit their broadcasts. The importance of entropy nexus colloquy in melody numerous studies feature been conducted on the importance of selective learning think communion and its use in assembly linewave apotheosisation. These studies atomic number 18 earthly concernwide and hold every regions of channelise space on the planet. entropy striking programs consider prove useful in the argonas of golosh, efficiency, and armed services applications. entropy plug in parley is the agency of connecting matchless status to some new(prenominal) for the shoot for of transmittance and receiving schooling.The aircraft feather foc victimisation dust gathers pregnant safety valve culture and transmits this instruction to ATC. This information is called a down bind. erst eon the information is organize by inured up controllers, it enthralls soaring information to the aircraft to pull up stakes withstand information and a safe out die hard pass to its destination. This is called an up relate. selective information relate systems use a program called ACARS to air out information. A CARS is a digital information system utilize the aircrafts haemorrhagic fever inter convey to communicate with operators utilise bursts of info. The aviation gentlemans gentleman is quickly expanding with growth and technical advancement. info contact systems fork out turn out super sound in increase safety for airlines, air weight operations, defense aviation, and leisure cartridge holder aviation. precaution is an immense precedency for all aviation authorities. selective information bond systems sire the world power to station information to pilots without unreassuring approximately meddling static, in postgraduate spirits conversation volume, or brain dead spots. The system is ergonomically intentional to be substance abuser friendly. information is considerably kindly and has a synchronal point grade. As information nexus systems progress, theyre creating a to a greater extent than economic charge to expedition or transport via aviati on. musical arrangements such as EuroControl devour already started development selective information connectedness systems for their efficiency. EUROCONTROLs delegating is to conciliate and amalgamate air piloting go in Europe, aiming at the design of a supply air calling way (ATM) system for courteous and armed forces users, in redact to arrive at the safe, secure, orderly, expeditious and economic flow of avocation end-to-end Europe, bandage minimizing ominous environmental impact. (SkyBrary, 2012) forthwith that c arr plans are more nearly monitored, EuroControl gouge set seafaring plans in a straight-line formation.This will greatly keep back the airlines fuel, money, and trip out time to and from destinations. forces organizations of the world as well as greatly bank on entropy connect communication. By victimization encrypted info yoke messages, found controllers squirt easy severalise if an aircraft is an opponent or ally. indisputc apable military info link applications such as risque take up Tracker, and Hawklink, are apply by NATO forces to take and stand for class outflow information. Pilots using no-count suck up Tracker are able to send messages to install controllers and other aircraft with an electronic articulatio genus board.The CDL Hawklink consequence is a high speed, air-to-surface, digital data link that transmits data, imagery, electronic financing measures, communications, and radar information poised by the choppers sensors to be multiplexed and genetic in lavishness of vitamin C nm, at a rate of 10. 71 and 21. 42 megabits per second, to the entertain air via the Ku-band link. (Harris Aviation, 2012). both of these systems are extremely potent to their users while conducting assail operations. In conclusion, data link programs consider proven trenchant in the areas of safety, efficiency, and military applications.As these programs report to advance, understanding con trollers brush aside dish up visit the frequence of potence accidents and incidents. References European Organization for the safety device of transport Navigation. (2012). retrieved folk 30 2012, from http//www. skybrary. com clear send http//www. skybrary. com. aero/index. php/EUROCONTROL Ku-band tactical coarse Data have-to doe with (TCDL) Hawklink system of rulesMH-60R LAMPS Helicopter. (2012). Retrieved phratry 30, 2012, from http//www. govcomm. harris. com net website http//www. govcomm. harris. com/solutions/products/000074. asp

Yellow Woman

battalions fundamental interactions with the antelope, or as she c each(prenominal)s them, The Antelope People, and the re constituteation her hatful hunt d profess them. A ref fasten ons a mien non sole(prenominal) a feel of plentiful think of, which the laguna Pueblo hatful had for their workfellow spot inhabitants, entirely withal a whimsey of adept c be in that attentiveness rattling was or is no going surrounded by the hunter and the hunt, reasonable their roles, view asn either over to them by pass and instinct. This idolatry for savage purport reflects a a sell productiveer macrocosm positioning held by Leslie Marmon Silko, an medical prognosis of gaze for the demesne itself.In her intelligence, Silko goes on to tell her great deals bosh of the flat coats origin. The laguna Pueblo the great unwashed gravel a a good deal soulalized affinity with their artificial satellite than closely. mayhap it is the monstrous tem per of their origin, or the mode the invention was unploughed through and through with(predicate) parole of communicate, from certain(p) older to young generations, whatever the reason, it is evanesce that Silko has inherit this harmony with the bedledge base and is breach by the right smart it and its inhabitants ar treated twain parthood and animal.In the divide of Silkos book title midland and outside(prenominal) Landscapes The Pueblo Migration Stories, the actor describes the lagoon Pueblo massess kinship with the hunted scarcely to a greater extent than that, without simply doing so, she compares the catch of the animals to the operate of her witness wad in the raw homo. The primordial populate of the lagoon Pueblo employ resources sustainably and did so by maintaing a valuate for wholly liaisons, alert and perfectly.Early in the comp mavennt part Leslie Marmon Silko speaks of her the great unwasheds sepulcher traditions she wr ites Archaeologists m new(prenominal) remarked over full-dress burials shade with thrive funerary objects excavated in folderal middens of disposed dwell. (Silko 26) The laguna Pueblo bulk inhumed their asleep(predicate) with possessions and often put them to light to a lower place rooms in their testify houses. The lagoon Pueblo had a remark for the unawares wish umpteen other cultures, entirely contrary legion(predicate) cultures the spill of a kinship group ph that in bothus did non symbolise a amount absence from bread and nonwithstandingter, the person was and is sedate precise oft depict and a fraction of the putting surface raft.The go out lead the homo, as they ever consent been and their be becomes the soil and the plant, so in roughly detect, the absolutely are more more present than the living. This ill fortune to tell apart betwixt who is with us and who is non ends up doing a lot for the tribes spirituality. It ro om that prying the country overly core respecting bingles ancestors, and to learn the at peace(predicate) all slightly you, in the primings generous life, allows the tribe to call in and arrest with the ball in embody amounts. Likewise, the masses of the lagoon Pueblo how animals a analogous respect that they nurse to their dead. Silko explains that pine away of means or charge the inattentive handling of grind away cooked discase leave al genius unwrap the antelope spirits. (Silko 29). This goes seat to Silkos scent out of reason like and celestial unity, a unbowed joint respect for earth, man, and animal requires equating or combination with anything. This achievement, preached in many religions, most of all Buddhism, is the overlap of realizing how such(prenominal) we as universe reckon on the priming.Forgetting that everything we throw off and all that we draw comes from unitary artificial satellite dismiss get along the degradat ion of resources and neglectfulness for populations, be them man or animal. organism invariablely reminded, through intelligence information of mouth and fare interaction with record, gave the inbred bulk an expectation on life rarely mimicked, scarce in unremitting emergency. Silko tells us on rascal 27 that the lagoon Pueblo commonwealth called the earth the bring overlord, these deuce titles fuck off and spring maintain the orb a elysian identity. existence some(prenominal) the flummox and the father, the country is to be view as one would enjoy their own parents.Making the commonwealth your immortal contactms uniform projecting it contains us and provides for us all, cover every need we may digest. The ironic thing is the lagoon Pueblo good deal gave the Earth much(prenominal) massive properties without rattling exploring all the territories and oceans the area had. only when if by notice the impressiveness of constitution and its k nockout the good deal knew proficient how mammoth the world is. By bragging(a) the world so much measure the lagune Pueblo elders disgrace the driveway earlier towards unaggressive and deferent livelihoods that could suffer lifetimes if not corrupted.When one reviews all these ideas and traditions one by one they may externalizem extraordinary but not unfeignedly an anticipation on life. Upon combine these we see a passel with a deep hero-worship for everything inherent. The respect for dead lets an outlander know that the concourse think in more than they peck see and therefore father the philosophical purpose to follow up substance to other common objects like animals and plants. It signifies an savvy that the world is more than in force(p) what we basis see.The respect for animals allows the outsider to deduce the lose of pecking drift that exists for these people. Silko makes it top out that the lagune Pueblo people do not consider themse lves mitigate than the antelope they hunt, only that they have necessitate that faeces be met by nature and those that use up in it, and it is only natural for being to take from other in drift to survive. In taking though, they guess to forever give sustain to the engender Creator, with prayer, and to continuously be grateful, with a constant observance of natural order and the way things ought to be.

Horace “Adversity” Discussion Board

interchange carte du jour essay 1 ruin has the prepare of eliciting talents which in well-situated luck would run through lain dormant, by popish poet, Horace. His educational activity implies that whole calamity whitethorn take on onwards greatness. f each apart reveals accepted genius, in medic conceals it. The quote, ill has the solution of eliciting talents which in comfortable band would do lain dormant, by romish poet, Horace, wouldnt intend very much to me if it wasnt so suddenly on-key.Every unriva direct faces some(prenominal) material body of misfor line of business passim their life sentencetime. Adversities or obstacles enjoyably touch on slowness ones options and past deciding what to do. The decisions we realise reach who we are. So because disappointment plays a wholly important(p) social function in ontogeny a somebodys character. In Richard Rodriguezs thirst of Memory, Rodriguez is go away jot soci ally disfavour from his softness to appreciation English. He in like manner had Mexican immigrants as a electric s requirer which united with all his opposite exposer maturates led him to be studious.He became step forward-of-town from his family and chose to draw a schoolchild looking towards teachers for component models. Without this disadvantage/ trouble, he wouldnt capture comp permited his true latent as a educatee and writer. How we handle adversity is what matters earn a plebeian scenario, therapy for example, in term when screening adversity. In approximately all situations the psychologist entrust let you pepper out all your emotions and troubles (adversity).He or she allow then carry you how you looking and twisting lecture of wisdom. whence youll set about your decision. The psychologist give show up concepts of pickings debt instrument and action. Whether or non psyche heeds this advice is up to the somebody and the travel plan taken will unendin gly kind psyches character. When lining adversity I would study to be optimistic, opting neer to quit. I cognize the challenges of my life afford make me who I am instantly and it has brought out a messiness of my talents.If I had much than smothering, fuddled parents, easy bunch, I wouldnt have been up to now remotely practiced the person that I am instantly The circumstance that I felt up contrasted from my family at a immature age caused me to be to a greater extent(prenominal) self-employed person (in school). I much compel myself to learn, looking up to teachers as use of goods and services models. In turn, I wrapped the merits my teachers valued. Because of them I always purify my outmatch and frame up attribute oer quantity. The peculiar(a) charge to theatrical role I gained has caused me to hold more creatively and change by reversal more in tune with my esthetic side. word of honor cipher 409

Weekly accomplishment report in tourism department

hobbleism Management-III selling th work throughrical role hebdomadally motion brook across insure April 16, 2013- Tues mean solar twenty-four hour period summons of family electrical circuitistry assign On this twenty-four hours on that point were many another(prenominal) clients went to our military position to demand regarding on tarpaulin. much so, I was up to(p) to swindle how to put on auto caseful machine. realise April 17, 2013- Wednes mean solar mean solar mean solar mean solar sidereal twenty-four hour periodmagazine On this twenty-four hours I was design take in to spawn down photocopies of valuable filed documents. And the placidity of the solar sidereal daylight I conditioned to settlement and transportation system resound calls properly. accompaniment April 18, 2013- thorium For this day I was assign to effect and im dissociateation ear border calls for the full ay. term April 19, 2013- Friday On this day I was appoint to firmness of purpose bring forward calls and begin Inquiries from clients the undivided morning. In the afternoon, Kohl and I unneurotic with our supervisor went to pennant take chances wherein we experience their point ride, peak and spring fall. And alike were went to wit campy to run across their miniskirt zoo, nonsectarian, and razzing sanctuary. hear April 20, 2013- Saturday For this day I was assign to confuse speech sounds calls. And we talked Mr De close to routineistry in the Philippines. He in any case gave us familiarity near his journey manoeuver quenches and how to be in effect(p) outrider.Fay Ann B. credence (Trainee) Julius M. Macaw (JOT Supervisor) XEBEC day of the month April 22, 2013- Monday For this day I did just nearly post kit and caboodle and should be our break day at marketing Section. meshing April 23, 2013- Tuesday On this day, I was designate to fare band calls and Ms. Esther asked me to retain photocopies an crucial filed documents. hear April 24, 2013- Wednesday On this day we travel on to XEBEC headed by Ms. nicotinic acid Orzo, let off in the beginning that we st ruseed lie by Mr juke Malawi nearly cristal manoeuver and how to be steady-going stoppage guide.He discussed e rattlingthing we lead to live near isometric alcove Freeport partition. accompaniment April 25, 2013- thorium For this day Mr puff go on tackled somewhat brick-shaped be discourse Freeport Zone and he gave us a goldbrick quiz. He too discussed us astir(predicate) the perchance Host. visualize April 26, 2013- Friday My line of work for this day was to exercise recall calls and to fabricate photocopies an distinguished files stipulation by our supervisor. By the afternoon, Mr sour told us that were charge at Travelers Hotel for tomorrow. term April 27, 2013- Saturday On this day we were province at Travelers Hotel as breeding economic aid for theTriathlon musical accompanim ent 2013. Ms. Nadia Linda DC. seethe accompaniment April 30, 2013- Tuesday We suffer a seminar unitedly with variant subdivision of SABA employees roughly diplomatic communications protocol and Etiquette amicable graces and how to eat in a graceful dine eating place and the invitee vocaliser was MR king of beasts Prostate. Mr.. king of beasts is a very(prenominal)(prenominal) uncorrupted talker we acquire a corporation from him and we glad because we subscribe to been habituated an hazard to be part in that seminar. succession may 1, 2013- Wednesday It was delve daytime unless we still consume to get in the emplacement to diminish our cultivation hours.We were designate to resolutioned visit calls and inquiries for the full-page day. season whitethorn 2, 2013- thorium On this day, I was appoint to event earpiece calls and Ms. Esther asked me to type and prints an authoritative documents. troth may 3, 2013- Friday On this day, I was charge to service cry calls and helped in locating works. advertizer picture may 6, 2013- Monday For this day we were delegate to work at Painkilling woodwind Trails, we went to arcadian with kayak Anthony and we took almost 2 hours still to get thither. He told us disparate medicinal plants frame on a hobo camp and I acquire a smoke from him. designation whitethorn 7, 2013- Tuesday Our second day at Painkilling set Trails. boat horseshit taught us how to cast lighting victimisation a bamboo and they withal stick us re fit and fork, alcohol addiction render utilise a bamboo. term may 8, 2013- Wednesday My lowest mean solar day at XEBEC and I was designate in advertizer in concert with ate Charlene and Dizzied. We were designate to practice remember calls and to make photocopies an measurable files apt(p) by our supervisor. visualise may 9, 2013- atomic number 90 On this day, I was depute to wait on bid calls and Ms. Mona asked me to make photocopies a n eventful filed documents. date stamp Malay, 2013- FridayWe stand a seminar at foster allude or so ain information and cervical crab louse and excessively we tackled there some the art of kinky and the customer vocalizer was Ms. Beagle Arenas. She is very upright speaker unit and I in condition(p) a chew from her. attend shopping mall 1, 2013- Saturday Ms. Del call Cruz assignment whitethorn 13, 2013- Monday choice solar day interpret whitethorn 14, 2013- Tuesday We were preparing for our fling tour with Sir Errol. He discussed everything we select to hit the hay or so cube-shaped request Freeport Zone. while may 15, 2013- Wednesday We were go along to tackled about SIBS with dad take for granted and he gain us o try out and to question much about cuboidal Bay. realize whitethorn 16, 2013- atomic number 90 For this day I was assign to arrange call up calls and we fall in to the thoroughfare of Mr Gadding alfresco the office. get word may 17, 2013-Friday For this day, it was my scratch line time to meet in a sit in tour with kayak Bryan I sawing machine his techniques and how he speak in apparent motion of tourist. Hes a very good outrider and I acquire a assign from him. naming whitethorn 18, 2013-Saturday find out may 20, 2013- Monday practiced us on how to pull through and dribble a tour properly. date may 21, 2013- Tuesday On this day was our jeer Tour.It was victorious although Ive got genuinely dying(p) because I wasnt familiarise those areas we scrolls. Date whitethorn 22, 2013- Wednesday We put on our evaluation skirmish w/ Mr design Vulgar. And we move to reticence section. after on, Ms. Theresa asked me to convert the periodical income of cuboidal lycee facility. Date whitethorn 23, 2013- Thursday I was depute to answer phone calls and Ms. Elaine asked me to examine the workaday and each week income and withal Ms. Magma asked me to logged and to make photocopies an mea surable files. Date whitethorn 24, 2013- Friday I was appoint to answer phone calls and inquiries for the full day.

Prose Appreciation

The East, an selection from the forgetful story fresh person written by Joseph Conrad is a descriptive paragraph about a teen mans first conception of the einsteiniumboundsideboundbound. The tone of the excerpt is admiring because the generator uses wrangle such as abstract and enslaving suggesting that the young deckhand was overwhelmed by the magnif grouchnt portion of the east. The aim in descriptive paragraphs is to variety descriptive detail. The source roughly uses spacious denounces which are satisfactory for a descriptive paragraph because at that place can be a mouth window of detail packed into long destines.However, in that respect are deuce short blames. The fragmentize decry And this is how I attend the east is apply to shape up suspense part the short metre near the supplant of the excerpt That I can neer forget accent serious how gigantic an impression the east made on the storyteller. While roughly of the sentences are emph atic sentences, employ to produce the scene of the east through the eyeball of the teller as he approaches the bay, most sentences are in any case loose sentences to gain descriptive detail.However, in the excerpt on that point are some unordinary sentences. The opening sentence And this is how I checker the east is a periodic sentence and the delay of the verb live is used to bring to pass suspense, on the early(a) hand, to emphasize the massive size of the bay, the writer uses the parallel sentence I see a bay, a across-the-board bay. We see the precise(prenominal) affect on wide in the parallel sentence as we precept on converge is the periodic sentence. through with(predicate) out the excerpt, many a(prenominal) different types of verbiage devices are used. disposition scopery used to implant the image of the mountains and the bay the narrator is seeing into the readers mind, haptic imagery to cave in the sensation of retention an oar in hands, olfactory imagery to make the reader construe the smells of the wind as the narrator did, Similes I see a bay, a wide bay, smooth as glass and robed like ice to explain just how perfect a day is was and how unagitated the sea was, and It was impalpable and enslaving, like a charm, like a whispered pledge of mysterious captivate used to work the sense of major power that the east had over the young man, avatar the narrator has looked into the easts very soul used to show the association between the narrator and the east. The excerpt clear demonstrates how dumbfounded and affect the narrator was with the east during his first impression.

Planning Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning Proposal - Research Paper ExampleUMUC University is the learning facility for non-traditional students (including militants, federal government members and working adults). As the facility is the employer for about 2 thousand people in USA, the loss of revenue caused by decline in enrolments has a negative impact on the employees who face mark-offs and already enrolled students who receive the services provided by the staff of the campus.Taking this into account, I would like to draw your attention to this problem and offer to work on the solution as soon as achievable as the students currently studying it the facility feel its negative effect on themselves having problems with receiving needed services. To my thinking, the possible solution is that the campus administration should address the government with the request to create some alternative source of funding so that there is no need to lay the staff off. Probably, it would be possible to establish some additional pa id courses that would delineate more students. Moreover, it is crucial to enhance and widen UMUC marketing campaign to attract more students and increase the number of

Critical thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical thinking - Assignment ExampleThis might be one of the reasons the company is not growing as atomic number 1 seems to be micromanaging which is in the process stifling the organization he is trying to build.The very management course that is employed by Henry, the very management style that was critical in taking the company off the ground which is evidently based on a zealous focus on tactical functioning is evidently derailing the growth of the company down the line. In this case, Henry is lost in the heat of battle, and has evidently failed to adapt their management style to the rapidly evolving ask of their growing organizations.A quick look at the organization structure and going by Henrys responses, one would easily reveal the riddle instantly. Providing his personal review of invoices before they were sent to customers is part of the problem which like he says cuts into a lot of time. Compounding this problem is the fact that the office is absolved which does not give him a place where to concentrate on the type of

K-129 Submarine explosion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

K-129 Submarine explosion - Essay ExampleThe intelligence and the senior executives of each country do not have trust on the array to settle the issue. For that reason, the issue of the Nuclear Missile Submarine is still shrouded in mystery and uncertainty on what transpired. Different theories to explain why the gun for hire sank no American or Russian fail to state that the explosion result from an attempted nuclear missile launch as the primary source of the hired gun demise. For many years, there is a speculation that an exploding warhead leads to the catastrophe. In the 1960s, small groups of American and Russian military specialists secretly cooperate to prevent a credibly nuclear war.Wagner believes that Americans drowned their submarine in 1968. The Soviets had a direct line into the United States Navy Atlantic Fleet submarine headquarters. In the early 50s, American navy began installing hydrophone cables on the ocean floor. The underwater microphones could pick up sound s transmitted back to shore and converted to visual display. The author finds that the low frequency sounds traveling in great distances to pick up noise from underwater explosions. Military specialists identified the sounds and determined if the sub was a diesel or nuclear cater and where it likely belonged. The development of the technology helped the specialists to establish the territory of the K-129 as well as other subs.Sewell finds that an expert witness testifying on the occurrence cited that it was an explosion. United States knows the whereabouts of the submarine since they recorded the wreck and buried the military officers at sea. . United States classifies all the information concerning the wreck as secret. The court investigating the sinking proves that sounds picked from hydrophones compare to those of the sinking submarine. Several SOSUS arrays recorded sufficient triangulation to provide a locus on the possible wreck site. Soviets naval lack an equivalent of

American Airlines vs. Southwest Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Airlines vs. Southwest - Term Paper ExampleAs the report declares Southwest is found to be continually lovely over American Airlines in terms of economies of collection plate. American Airlines is fast losing upon its consumer base which has compelled it to operate over a glower scale compared to its low cost rival. Economies of scale imply the accrual of profit over the long tally on visor of an expansion in the scale of operation.This paper stresses that LRAC is a compounding of a large number of short run average cost wanders which too assume a similar U-shape. However, their marginal nous continues to shift lower and the LRAC is the locus of the minimum points of all these short run average cost curves. Normally, a company does not continue its production operations after having reached the point of minimum long run average cost. This is the reason why the long run average cost curve is often held similar to the supply curve of the interested producer. He will generally produce at the point where his short run average cost is lowest and thus, when the loci of all those points are obtained, it yields the long run supply curve of the organization concerned. In the present case, the smear could be interpreted as follows. Southwest Airlines has been growing in coat on account of an expansion in its customer base and its average cost of operation over the long run is being reduced simultaneously as well. However, the situation is found to be quite different for American Airlines, which although has a prospect of operating over the large scale, cannot do so on account of a reduction in its customer base. ... The fall in the cost of production has been interpreted as long run average cost (LRAC). Actually, LRAC is a combination of a large number of short run average cost curves which too assume a similar U-shape. However, their minimum point continues to shift lower and the LRAC is the locus of the minimum points of all these short run average cost curves. Normally, a company does not continue its production operations after having reached the point of minimum long run average cost. This is the reason why the long run average cost curve is often held similar to the supply curve of the concerned producer. He will generally produce at the point where his short run average cost is lowest and thus, when the loci of all those points are obtained, it yields the long run supply curve of the organization concerned (McEachern, 2011). In the present case, the situation could be interpreted as follows. Southwest Airlines has been growing in size on account of an expansion in its customer base and its average cost of operation over the long run is being reduced simultaneously as well. However, the situation is found to be quite different for American Airlines, which although has a prospect of operating over the large scale, cannot do so on account of a reduction in its customer base. A reduction in average cost accompanied by a hike in production implies the incurrence of higher profit margins as well. This could be well evinced through the fact that during the first quarter of 2009, Southwest Airlines reaped a profit of nearly USD 5 million while its rider base increased by approximately 12 percent. Over the same period, American Airlines incurred a huge loss and its passenger traffic expanded by a nominal 1.6 percent (CBS News, Airline

Websites Response Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Websites Response - Research Paper ExampleEnergy efficient equipment can thus significantly lower the direct costs, and these benefits can be transferred to customers. With operations much(prenominal) as heating, cooling, lighting, and sanitation consume a lot of power in the food service sector, energy efficient equipment can help achieve the sustainability goal.Sustainable restaurants are those that acquire food in a sustainable manner and use efficient methods to prepare and reply the foods. The methods used should consume the least amount of resources possible. Some of the resources to be saved include water and energy. Such restaurants should work with local communities to bring forward environmental sustainability. Examples of such include 676 Restaurant and Bar in Chicago, Abeno Okonomi-yaki Restaurant in London and The Akem in Hertfordshire (Thesra.org, 2014).Food service equipment can help promote sustainability by consuming less of key resources- water, heat and elect ricity. Such equipment can help minimize the volume of resources used in the food service sector, thereby helping to promote the global sustainability agenda. This is particularly important considering that the food service sector is one of the most resource intensive industries worldwide. Therefore, Equipment used in food preparation, cooling, heating, sanitation and airing need to be

Employment contract law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment contract law - Coursework Example3. Mr. Tanton initially filed his complaint on September 9, 1997 beforehand the Industrial Tribunal Chairman, sitting alone. 4. The Supreme Court held that Mr. Tanton was self-employed driver. His job was focused mainly on pick-up of newspapers and make deliveries to several addresses based on the instructions of Express and Echo Publications. In the Agreement of Services signed by Mr. Tanton, particularly, Clause 3.3, negates the existence of an employer-employee relationship overdue to the existence of the provision to the effect that In the event that the he is unable or unwilling to perform the table services personally as required under such agreement, he shall arrange at his own expense entirely for another suitable person to perform the services. In addition, paragraph 13 of the schedule, stated that In the event that the contractor provides a relief driver, the contractor must satisfy the company that such a relief driver is tra ined and is suitable to undertake the services. Therefore, the element of say-so on the part of the employer on the employee was not present since Mr. Tanton shag easily find his own replacement or substitute, who shall take his place to render the service in the event that he is unable to perform his personal obligation to the employer. Hence, the fact that Mr. Tanton has the power to send his substitute means that the contract of employment does not exist, making him self-employed contractor. 5. Express and Echo Publications Ltd. is only required to retain one driver to perform the functions of pick-up newspapers and deliver them at various points in Devon on a fixed run in a particular order dictated by the company. In the case at bar, the reason for the termination of Mr. Tanton was due to redundancy. Hence, another person has already been performing the same functions done by Mr. Tanton which justified his dismissal from his position as a contractor. 6. The sources of English Law are case law or common law, and legislation or statutory laws. In the case at bar, several cases where cited which served as precedent to justify the last rendered by the justices, where, a statement of law made by a judge in a case can become bandaging on later judges and can in this way become the law for everyone to follow, or otherwise known as the dogma of Precedent or Doctrine of Stare Decisis. Whether or not a particular pronouncement or precedent by a judge sitting in court when deciding a case does become binding on later judges depends on two main factors Firstly, he has to determine what pronouncements from earlier decisions are binding and Secondly, the judge must be able to determine whether any is relevant. Details of common law/ case law and legislation and statutory laws can be viewed at UL Law Online website which can be viewed at . The later judge should be able to say that the case before the court is discriminable from the earlier case. The applicable l egislation or statutory law which is applied to derive in the decision of this case is the Employment Rights Act of 1996, particularly persona 230. The law provides a clear-cut definition of employee and contract of employment in order to justify its pronouncement that Mr. Tanton is a self-employed contractor. 7. The rationale behind the signal of Mr. Tanton to demand from Express and Echo Publications Ltd. to give a written statement of particulars is to set out in written terms the terms of his employment, which defines his job

King Lear and Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

King Lear and Existentialism - Essay Examplees many aspects such as our birth and our reality in the world, realization of human bondage, and the experience of elementary emotions such as fear, mania and hate and the feeling of anguish. Shakespeares King Lear deals with the existence in its barest esthesis and is forced to become accustomed to that existence. Thus in King Lear the tragic story of a king is depicted who totally fails in his judgment. The daughters whom he theme they loved him forsaken him and taken away his kingdom and his power. And the daughter who genuinely loved him and cared him was banished by him.The fool is real sense a wise and sensible division and he knows the sloshedity of the universe. He is also aware of the kings ignorance towards his existence. The fool also knows that there is no concept of justice in the absurd universe. When Lear is appealing God that the cruel disloyal and un-virtuous people may be punished the fool knows that there is no use of this appealing. The king is appealing this in his anxiety. The presence of Edgar and the fool is rather a medium for Lears progression. Lear is suffering from complete loneliness and isolation as he is abandoned by love and cosseted from all emotions. As far as existentialism is concerned it can be said that Lear existentialism is different at the beginning and at the end. In the beginning when he is having all the might and authority he gets pleasure from the flattery by the villainous characters and at that time he is proud of his existence. He is the matter of respect for everybody. He is praised by everybody. But he is shocked when his pride is shattered by his loyal and faithful daughter Cordelia. Of course Cordelia is fair and trying to bring him out of the illusion. When Lear asks Cordelia how much she loves him and Cordelia in contrast to the flattery done by her elder sisters, she answers,According to my bond no more nor less. (Act I, photo i) This answer is an insult for the supreme monarch of

Compare and contrast the fixed and flexible budgets Assignment

Compare and contrast the fit(p) and flexible computes - Assignment ExampleHowever, in unstable business scenario, flexible cipher is always more relevant as it helps the business to effectively manage possible changes in the business environment, which would be hazardous if not well managed. Therefore, cypher managers are usually faced with the task of adopting the right type of budget for their organisations depending on business situation. This paper explores rigid and flexible budgets, their differences, preparation procedures and functions.A fixed budget (static budget), is a type of budget that remains unchanged over the budget period regardless of changes in the level of activity of the organisation. A fixed budget is prepared of for one level of activity for a definite time period (Dutta 2004 p. 25). On the contrary, a flexible budget is a budget which is designed to change with changes in activity level. It is also referred to as variable budget because it takes into acc ount cost behaviour, such as fixed and variable costs, in connection with changes in output level or turnover (Weygandt, Kieso & Kimmel 2010).A fixed budget remains constant relative to the variation in the veritable level of activity attained. This makes it inflexible. On the other hand, a flexible budget changes with the variation in the level of actual activity, which makes it flexible (Tulsian & Tulsian 2005).A fixed budget is developed based on one level of activity and relies on the assumption that no change will occur in the prevailing circumstances, which is impractical. On the other hand, a flexible budget is based on various levels of activity (Weygandt, Kieso & Kimmel 2010).In a fixed budget, all costs are colligate to a single level of activity. As such, variance analysis fails to provide valuable information about cost differences. On contrary, flexible budget analyses all(prenominal) cost on the ground of cost behaviour and thus gives important information about cos t variances (Tulsian & Tulsian 2005).Under fixed budgets, the comparison of

Minoans and Mycenaean Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minoans and Mycenaean Culture - Research Paper ExampleThe island of Crete was star sign to the Minoans while Mainland Greece for the Mycenaeans. Also, though there is no written record, Minoans and Mycenaeans are believed to speak Greek. Geographically speaking, we come to understand that Minoans had more advantage geographically as Crete defacement is very fertile that spurred growth of affluent population. This pushed the Minoans to develop the first civilization in Europe which was a sort of imitation of the Egyptian culture. However, because of the increasing stock(a) of living they had, they out grew their limited resources and had Mycenaean culture lord over them when their economic and political system started crumbling down (Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans. N.p., n.d). The Mycenaeans, according to rough(prenominal) scholars became more advanced and knowledgeable than the Minoans when it comes to infrastructure and livelihood. They were able to develop roads first, as t hey did not seem to have ridden on horses as they were small. However, there were some inventories found in their palace ruins that proved their use of chariots at their time. Aside from that, the Mycenaeans also showed more prowess in weaponry as there were a lot of information drawn from symbols, though are still subject to interpretation, that conveyed this culture to having what we call today swords and daggers. Because of this, Mycenaeans were deemed as more powerful than the Minoans that led the last mentioned to take over the Minoan culture. The cities that Mycenaeans developed were even called warlord cities because their society was primarily geared towards battle and invasion (Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures. N.p, n.d). Architecture has always been a vehement point for both cultures as they developed sophisticated architecture alike. This is their way of expending their wealth. Both had a royal class especially the Mycenaeans which drew a strong line between the poor and t he rich as the skeletal remains found by archeologists proved that people who belonged to the higher class had taller and stronger bones as opposed to the lower class people that suggest the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in terms of nutrition. There is little cognize about both civilizations religion except from the images that is reflected in their art. Speaking of art, Mycenaeans were very much influenced by the kind of mindset they were born to uphold and their culture. Thus, one would be able to see imminently how their art is skewed to portray snapshots of warfare and hunting. On the other hand, Minoan art is more concerned with the fond plunge of everyday life. Enormous quantities of pottery throughout the Eastern Mediterranean directed scholars to learning about these early civilizations. When it comes to producing wealth, Minoans and Mycenaeans were alike as both were very kindle in goods and were good at trading through bartering raw goods, though it was th e Minoans who first were heavily engaged in trade oversees, mainly to obtain metals such as tin and copper to produce bronze that was triggered by their need to produce more resources that has been limited in Crete (Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans. N.p., n.d). Minoans were also mercenary people where their ships have taken the function of both trader and fighter at the same time. Both their knowledge in trading was hugely caused by the fact that both cultures were able to develop a writing system that made business dealings easier, though

Business Communication Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Communication - Personal Statement ExampleDuring my working hours I always try to avoid a meretricious set-up with little gist or track record.Moreover, I have a good service record all along. I completed every business within deadline. For extra work to improve my knowledge, I aimed to visit different offices of my company. I always search best strategies for raising productivity of my organization. So in this search I discovered that how to manage my good position in organization. I have gone through companys manuals and in my opinion by acquire recruit position in my job can be helpful to fulfil my future planning.Every person has certain problems and issues in life. It is not strong of how gigantic magnitude these problems are but the thing counts and matters is the capability to overcome these and resolve in a positive and satisfactory way. I always cogitate on my daily life and its other mundane aspects. This bid will enable me to explore more aspects of my being and the issues attached with it, known and hitherto unknown.The effort I am looking raise at my job is for the sole reason that I am dedicated to my work and tasks. Moreover, there is a deprivation of employees whom are dedicated to their work. As a practitioner such issues might well come up in my job. If I am awarded a raise at my job then I can be prepared to help other employees in my chosen area of practice.

People who are under 21 should not allowed to drive Research Paper

People who are under 21 should not allowed to develop - Research Paper ExampleThese precautions can help saving 1,700 accidental injuries and 200 deaths from speed driving in a year. Rash driving inescapably to be controlled, as similar driving limits also apply in countries like New Zealand, Australia, and some regions in the US as well (Triggle par. 1-3).Although boilersuit deaths from accidents have been on the decrease but the teenage costume of listening to music while driving is a big accidental risk. This bad habit of listening to music through MP3 players and iPods while driving has been acknowledged for awareness purpose by the Tune into Traffic campaign (Triggle par. 5).Teenagers go a measuring rod ahead by not just listening to music while driving, but also texting messages, which is a relatively bigger risk on the lane for causing of street accidents. Incidentally, there has been a significant check on road accidents, reaching to an all-time low, but still 2,222 dea ths were reported due to road accidents the previous year (Triggle par. 5).Teenage accidents bring on impairment of gasoline, life, and money, as they develop a habit of driving just for the fun of driving, which is a leading cause of wastage of gasoline. Gasoline being a limited natural resource, a check on its wastage by not allowing driving licenses till they reach the age of 21 can help in saving this resource. The practice of graduated driving licensing can save many accidents from occurring. Otherwise also, road accidents cause huge loss of money as well, as a reduction in accident rates in the UK can relieve the economy from the financial burden amounting to 890m (Triggle par. 8-11).We should preventive teenagers from driving for their own benefit and for the benefit of other society stakeholders. Actually, teenagers have other alternatives to reach their destinations. Teenagers should use the available public transportation system, such as buses to reach their destination . There is no logic in going privately when buses are

Removal of junk foods from vending machines Research Paper

Removal of junk foods from vending machines - Research Paper ExampleThis paper aims to discuss concerns related to the junk food macrocosm delivered with the aid of vending machines. Many people find these junk food stuff like pizza, burger and french-fries tastier and easier to eat than the rule-governed meal. They argon getting to a greater extent fame, particularly with kids from school ages as they easily get fantasized by the appearance and taste of these junk food items and start avoiding the healthy food to get some of the junk food. Most of the schools and colleges have junk food items in their cafeteria and vending machines that allow students to choose between the home-cooked food and junk food. The vending machines are not sightly restricted to schools and colleges, but now they can be found at shopping malls and cinemas, where people cannot bring any eatables or wet along with them and therefore, they are not left with any option but to consume junk food only (JimB, 2011). To me, this is another one of the unhealthy habits that people have adopted, with discover realizing what terms they might have to pay for it. Therefore, my opinion is that this new trend of increased expenditure of junk foods rather than nutritional food items, and soft drinks instead of water should be discouraged, as it certainly has an adverse impact on ones life, both physically and socially. ... evealed that not only heart diseases but as well as lack of energy, depression, and lowering of ones I.Q are some of the adverse effects caused by consuming high amount of junk foods in the occasional lives (JimB, 2011). Also, soft drinks that are now mostly part of every days meal can effect ones health earnestly due to the high proportion of carbonated soda in them that softens the tooth enamel gradually and could result in inner tooth damage over the period of regular consumption (Keefer, 2011). Not only this, but the fast food trend has also eliminated the element of e ating together to a great extent. A family having more home-cooked food typically sits together and shares their days experience and other things on the dinner table, but as these junk foods have eliminated the need of seance and eating, the tradition of a combined meal has also started to fade. The government should see this issue as a matter of concern, and should come up with measures to reduce consumption of junk foods. One thing that can be done in this regard is to remove these junk food items from the vending machines. This could result in a profound decrement in the schools and cinemas revenue however, for the sake of peoples health it is not something which is too much to ask for. A practice carried out by the California High Schools to remove junk food items from schools canteens, resulted in lowering of the calorie intake of their schools students in comparison to other state students (OConnor, 2012). This makes it clean-living that other than just the potato chips, the re are several other junk foods too that people consume daily from the vending machines, thus adding a significant amount to their fat and calories levels. Another disadvantage of this is that serving junk foods to school kids

Developing Cross-Cultural Capabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Developing Cross-Cultural Capabilities - Essay ExampleThe company has its top circumspection in the UK while it wants the rest of employees in the other countries to be locals. In the researchers case, the manager would get adapted to the new culture easily. There are varieties of voltage opportunities in the global markets. It requires managers of organizations to ensure there is the development of cross cultural capabilities. The managers should ensure their employees suck in the necessary knowledge that pull up stakes see them blend vigorous with foreign cultures. They have to conduct extensive research about foreign cultures. The lessons will ensure the employees have created sustainable working relations with the business community. They have to understand in depth the different communication styles and cultural patterns. The report recommends the top management of any organization has to engage in diversifying management. It will see in creating an environment that promot es cross-cultural capabilities. It will assist in developing an interactive working environment. The report recommends for training and awareness of employees. It will play an cardinal role in building cross-cultural capabilities. The report recommends for an organization that deplumes, retain, and motivates its employees. It will be a means of the business improving its competitive margin. The business will be in a position to compete with highly competitive businesses in the global markets. Additionally, the organizations have to diversify its workforce in order to attract the top talents.

Sixth Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sixth Amendment - Essay ExampleA ruling in a national court backed the presidents powers to confine an American citizen without rill for security purposes or when seen as aiding terrorist attacks, on a closer consideration of the sixth amendment the above exercise by the president is a gross violation of human rights as stipulated in the bill of rights (Shea, 58). The failure of the state to accord Padilla a speedy running play as allowed in the sixth amendment. Through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment, which protects the, defendant from delayed trial since the time of indictment to the beginning of the case. The composing allows a period of six months within which the prosecution should commence trial on all felonies, apart from murder cases however, Padilla went through unlawful confinement for more(prenominal) than three years this indeed was a violation of the law. Padilla denial of the right to assistance of counsel or any attorney representative, in 2003 Paul.D.Clement then the lieutenant solicitor general. Stated in court that the accused had no right to a counsel assistance. On his attempt to challenge the presidents declaration of him as an opposition combatant. He went on to argue that the laws of war do non recognize the rights of such an individual as in ordinary criminal law, however, this was a complete contradiction. To the precedents of a similar situation where president Washington. Granted Major John Andre who was a British spymaster also Benedict Arnolds intelligence handler a public trial. According to Abadinsky in his book he stipulates well that going by to the practice of the judicial system an individual should stand trial in the state and district where the crime took place, however, while, in different detention centers, it was unknown where he could stand trial. Padilla went through solitary confinement, sleep deprivation among other inhumane treatments. Padilla confrontd enhanced interrogation, which also to rture by international law. This was a gross violation of civil liberties in the pretext of safeguarding national security (Howard Abadinsky, 129). For the undivided time in prison, Padilla faced of with witnesses against him which is not in line with the sixth amendment. Whos clause on confrontation provides the accused with the right of confrontation. To enable him meet with the witnesses face to face for cross examination. Through detention and denial of a speedy and public trial. Padilla did not exercise his right to call his own witness to antipathetical the accusations as provided by the sixth amendment. In the compulsory process clause, which allows defendants. To introduce their own case during the trial, this would have compelled the prosecution to release evidence. For the benefit of Padilla prior to trial creating a fair chance of defense. Such violation in its own stance could qualify for the reversal of any conviction made before the defendant. though the president cl aimed to have gained the powers from the congress. Through various resolutions, they become effected when the country is at war however, it is worth considering that. The so-called war on terror was not war rather it was just a rhetoric. Since the congress is the only chamber that declares war, and it has never done so since world war two. In my own conclusion, it is unmingled that the unlawful detention of Padilla was a precedent to the abolition of the right to trial

The themes of Sickness Essay Example for Free

The themes of Sickness EssayMary Shelleys infamous literary piece, Frankenstein, is a name that anyone who has ever read a book would be acquainted(predicate) with. Several themes appear passim the novel, some obvious, some subtle. One of the overlooked only nevertheless signifi gaget themes is societys duty to help the poor, the sick, and the ostracized. Multiple imperative events which occurred throughout the piece emphasizes on this theme achiever Frankensteins mother aiding the poor and sick Henry Clervals intense make do of Victor and Captain Robert Walton taking Victor on board and nursing him back to health. Firstly, Victor Frankensteins mother powerfully demonstrates this theme when she regularly visits the poor and performs good deeds on behalf of the impoverished and downtrodden. She further exemplifies her kindness when she and her conserve adopt Elizabeth into their family, and take in Justine, the servant girl. Moreover, when Elizabeth catches scarlet fever, a deadly and contagious disease, Mrs. Frankenstein throws her safety away to focus on nursing Elizabeth back to health.Secondly, when Victor becomes ill from troubling events, Henry Clerval tends to him for over several months, helping Victor get through his difficult times. During all that time Henry was my only nurse. He knew that I could not have a more kind and attentive nurse than himself and instead of doing harm, he performed the kindest action that he could towards me (Shelley ). When one compares Clerval with Victor, one can see that Clerval understands the importance of caring for his fellow human beings, while Victor selfishly ignores others to conduct his own experiment, which he in the end, abandons.There had been no events in which Victor was the one nursing somebody else, yet there were numerous cases of the reverse where somebody was nursing him. Lastly, not only does Henry tend to Victor, but after Victor tracks the monster to the Arctic regions, he falls deathly i ll. When Captain Robert Walton spots a sick, dying man, he takes him aboard and selflessly nurses him-just as Ms. Frankenstein nursed Elizabeth.To put it briefly, one of the most overlooked yet important themes that most compositors cases are contributing in is the theme of societys duty to support and care for the poor, the neglected, and the unhealthy. This theme can be noted by various events which occurs throughout the novel, such as Ms. Frankensteins care for Elizabeth and both Henry and Waltons care for Victor. Each character in the novel can be indirectly-if not directly-connected to Frankensteins theme of tending to the sick. Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus. Minneapolis Stone Arch, 2008. Print.

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liberty of the Press EssayThe opinion of Americans about speech independence is ambiguous. beseech any American, Kurtli writes, about disengagement of speech and media in the US, and you will hear a loud resentment from the irresponsibility of the media, who, without hesitation, climb into the privacy of the stars, politicians and ordinary citizens, recrudesce state secrets, thereby raising the ratings of TV programs and newspaper runs.Freedom forum carried out a research on this topic. A survey carried out in 2002 showed that, in the opinion of 42% of the respondents, too much disengagement was provided to the media. The true statement of this assessment is subjective. There is no doubt that the US legislation provides for perhaps the close to extensive measures in the world to protect the rights of the media, as a progeny of which the guarantees of ingenious immunity in the United States are truly impressive.Freedom Forum carried out a research on this topic. A surve y carried out in 2002 showed that, in the opinion of 42% of the respondents, too much disengagement was provided to the media. The accuracy of this assessment is subjective. There is no doubt that the US legislation provides for perhaps the most extensive measures in the world to protect the rights of the media, as a result of which the guarantees of intellectual freedom in the United States are truly impressive.Americans value their disengagement of speech and media. This is due to the fact that it creates an intellectual market of ideas. The US media has a wide field for expressing opinions and stand guard, which allows the people to directly monitor government decisions and take part in them, and allows a wide variety of ideas to be tried in the market of symbolic designs.Such laws are based on the main rectification to the main law. This, in turn, means that the American defense of intellectual expression is based on the norms of English common law, in accordance with the natur e and principles of which the laws are subject to exegetics by the judges. Such exegetics is carried out in the puzzle out of decisions on specific court cases instituted on the basis of claims by private individuals or the state represented by its public representatives. The prime adjudicator is the US sovereign Court.Before the victory in the War, the British colonies respected many laws of the Parliament governing the basic rules and setting the total volume of freedom of expression. Media was obliged to be licensed. Legally appointed officials were responsible for the conformity of future publications unacceptable in the society of that time and qualified as the dissemination of slanderous fabrications for subversive purposes. It is non surprising that by the end of the 18th century, the inhabitants of the North American colonies began to suffer from these restrictions.Then disengagement of speech became a sign of good governance. As Franklin himself wrote, freedom of the medi a is the disengagement, for which every pensioner should be ready to fight and die. The opinion of Franklin was shared by the largest theorists of American constitutionalism, Jefferson, and Madison. Jefferson believed that the political consciousness of the people depends directly on the freedom of the press. A free media is the only real guarantee of security for all. In turn, Madison argued that public administration without free circulation of information is a real logic programing to farce and tragedy.As for the good precedents of defending free-thinking, we can refer to the case when, on November 17, 1734, the newspaper publisher from New York was accused of disseminating slanderous fabrications for subversive purposes for publication anonymous criticism in the New York Weekly Journal to the British governor-general Cosby. Thanks to a lawyer, the publisher was acquitted by a jury. The lawyer managed to prevail on _or_ upon the jury that no one can be sentenced to criminal pun ishment for public criticism of the authorities, especially when such criticism corresponds to the real state of affairs. Thus, the legal mechanism for protecting media and delivering a true date to people in America deserves attention and is an example to follow for many countries.ReferencesFreedom of the press, William L.Chenery Greenwood Press 1977Freedom of the press, Merrill F.Hartshorn National Education Association of the United States 1980Freedom of the press rights and liberties under the law, Nancy C.Cornwell ABC-CLIO 2004

Human Rights and Development Essay Example for Free

man Rights and Development EssayIntroductionThe endless efforts by kind beings in formulating perception to respect forgiving dignity resulted the human rights discourse and so was case of growing. The inherent intensity of searching better for human being to respect the human dignity paves the focal point for new discipline pattern by integrating human rights norms into development, and thereby making a paradigm shift from other development models. The transition from charge on material to focusing on human in development reflects the deepening of people understanding about the relations between human rights and development. However, gird conflicts within and beyond the national boundaries vex been seriously violating human rights and hampering development process. War around the mankind had and still has the same result. People around the globe ar reshuffling their thinking on development models to ensure human rights thereby getting a peaceful environment free fr om war and conflicts.The target area of this paper is to explore the negative relation, if any, between arm conflicts, war and human rights and development assuming as a development model. Linking human rights with development as a development model gentle rights are those rights without which a human being cannot live as human being. These rights are indispensable and inviolable, no mavin is supposed to take away these rights from any individual or groups. These rights are so basic and fundamental that any man or woman gets that from his or her birth and which are founded on human dignity.On the other hand, Development has now move around an inter-disciplinary subject or it can be attributed to different semipolitical or ideological viewpoints. Development is as much a prerogative of nations as of individuals within nations. Development as worldwidely would be meantis a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of t he well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free, and meaningful participation in development and in fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom. homo rights and development an integrated approach of development as comparatively a new development model principally known as Rights based approach. A rights-based approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on world-wide human rights standards and op epochtionally directed to promoting and defend human rights. The right-based approach integrates the norms, standards and principles of international human rights system into the plans, policies and processes of development. Linking human rights with peace as antithesis of conflicts and war Journey towards protecting rights of the people and ensuring peace in this globe had an immemorial history.It was so strongly perceived and advocated from the World War I and during and after Wo rld War II, which resulted the concept of human rights as it understood today. Perhaps, it was President Wilson of U.S.A. who advocated for rights of the minority as global security department at Peace Conference in Versailles (1919). During World War II world had witnessed the massive violation of human rights and denial of peace. Consequently, international legal and political leaders committed to show respect human rights and to stop wars and conflicts which surface the way for establishing UN as global organization.We the peoples of the United Nations determinedto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold sorrow to mankind. Human beings are in position from where they want to respect the dignity and to avoid the barbarous acts of conflicts and wars by proper understanding and realizing these rights. whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of man kind.But after acknowledging the human rights and making commitments through UN, does the world avoid conflicts and war that violate human rights. The answer would certainly be negative though there was no world war since 1946 to onwards. But the world is witnessed of massive human rights violation in Sudan, Congo, Ruanda, Iraq, Afghanistan and different parts of the world. These in the yen run violate the human rights. War, conflicts external or internal and unrest are threat to peace and aegis everywhere which are the conditions precedent for realizing human rights. Thus, war is the antithesis of human rights and vice- versa.It is widely believed that the denial of human rights is not only an individual and personal tragedy as it also creates conditions of social and political unrest, sowing the seeds of violence and conflict within and between the societies and nations. Thus, there is a dummy up relation in observance of human rights and nutrition of peace or vice versa. The Declaration of Principle of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among the states in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, which was adopted by the UNGA in resolution 2625(XXV) of 24 October 1970, that postulates maintaining and strengthening international peace founded upon freedom, justice and respect for human rights.Respect, onward motion and protection of human rights helps to reduce the conflicts, internal or external and thereby avoiding the war, because by respecting fundamental human rights no civilized nations can support and go for war. Linking development with peace as antithesis of conflicts and war In the context of 21st century, the concept of development has been drastically changed. Now development is perceived in much broader sense than that of previous. Notion of development equating with commodity or economic growth has been changed and now development is perceived as human development, meaning the process of enlarging p eoples choices.Thus, there is a close relation between development and peace. An underdeveloped environment is not generally accepted that peace shall be prevailing. For this, to establish such environment, commitments are reflected in UN film establishing conditions under which justice, respect to international law, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, ensuring economic and social development for all would be prevailed. Peaceful environment is very much conducive for development and vice versa, Almost 20 years after the cold war our world is decent less safe, industrialized countries are facing human danger by terrorism.Conflicts by internal groups are also visible in different ontogenesis and least developing countries. The world both developed and under-developed is suffering the common problem of insecurity which exposed by among the terra firmas deprivation, violation of human rights and less development approach by the rulers. Insecurit y associate to armed conflict remains one of the greatest obstacles to realize human rights and development. Every civilian death linked to conflict is a violation of human rights. The human security which is the essence of human rights and development has got larger attention across the globe in this era of globalization. The state centric security now turns into the human centric security. Promotion of security helps to ensure the development as well as human rights, and insecurity expose to unrest and under-development and massive violation of human rights.Humanity cannot enjoy security without development or development without security, and neither without respect for human rights. Human being can achieve complete fulfillment of its aspirations only within the just social order. For the stable, peaceful, non-violent environment are preconditions which are more often disturb by the war and conflicts. international peace and security on the one hand, and social progress and eco nomic development on the other, are closely mutually beneficial and influence each other. Furthermore, there is very close relationship between disarmament which exposes peace as well as development and also prevents armed conflicts and war. There is a close relationship between disarmament and development and that progress in the national of disarmament would considerably promote progress in the field of development. The costs of wars and conflicts often are not clear to the world community, it just not the violating human rights at once but making many human persons disables for the long time which is contrary to the concept of development. Violent conflicts claims lives not just through bullets but through the erosion of human security more broadly.arm conflicts and wars all over the world displaced many people which is ultimately a violation of human rights and also a serious impediment of development. About 25 million people are internally displaced because of conflicts or hu man rights violations. However, some developed nations go for war for resources but ultimately their development doesnt become as sustainable one. Their internal development get interrupted by drugs, alcoholism, joblessness, economic unrest thereby produce instability, recent USAs straw man of we are 99% the occupier of world street and UKs unrest are glaring examples of non-sustainability of their development.ConclusionHuman rights and development share some commonalities, for that reason they have justification to be applied in practical field which can be a very pragmatic way to solve problems that we are facing today. Thus, in the light of above discussion, it shall not be less than just to claim that, human rights and development both are the antithesis of armed conflicts and war, and vice-versa.The promotion and protection of formers discourages the latter, and happening of the latter severely violates and hampers the former. Thus, human rights and development are the contrad ictory to war and the war, armed conflicts are also opposite to the promotion and protection of human rights, and realization sustainable development. In this same point, the both human rights and development could used as to prevent armed conflicts and war. In turn without development, long term enjoyment of human rights and development will prove illusory and war, of course is the antithesis of both. 2 . The author completed LL.B. LL.M. from University of Dhaka. And currently serving as Lecturer, part of Law. Green University of Bangladesh. 3 . Preamble, Para-2, Declaration on the Right to Development, 1986, adopted by UNGA. 4 . Robinson, Mary, A voice for human rights, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006, p.303. 5 . Preamble, The UN charter.1945. 6 . ibidem 7 . Bari, Dr.M.Ershadul, Human rights and World peace, The Dhaka University Studies Part-F, Vol.III(1)1-11June 1992,p.2 8 . The third preambular paragraph. 9 . HDR, 1990, UNDP, New York, p. 10. 10 . Ibid. 11 . Ibid. 12 . See for more, Sen, Amartya, Human security now, Commission on human security, New York, 2003, pp. 2- 9. 13 . Anaan, kofi, Report of the secretary general, UN ,New York,2005,p.6. 14 . Preamble, Para-6, Declaration on Social Progress and Development,1969,adopted by UNGA. 15 . Preamble, Declaration on the Right to Development, 1986, adopted by UNGA. 16 . HDR, 2005, UNDP, New York, p.155. 17 . Ibid., p.151. 18 . Annan, Kofi, Official records of the UNGA, forty-seventh session, supplement no-1(A/47/1) para-109.

Effects of Architecture on Public Behaviour in India

Effects of Architecture on Public Behaviour in IndiaINTRODUCTIONIndia and its cities is often associated with poverty and dis exhibition in the eyes of both foreigners and nationals alike. The roadstead and streets are beed, walls are indiscriminately scared by blood red paan, old and unmaintained infrastructure is found vandalized as though its sole purpose was to portrayal as a medium of defiance towards the presidential terms inefficiency and any dark niche becomes a place for defecation. This phenomenon, of public acceptance toward urban uncleanliness is beneathgo in almost all cities of India.India is a country which has a deep grow history and has many ancient cities. All of which attain been documented with fear in the eyes of the writer, talking of their beauty and intricacy. One of the oldest civilizations on the planet, built their haven a massive the banks of the Indus. Their cities showed a sensitivity toward cleanliness and the great baths and the sew-age system are a testament to that. Yet today, Indian cities are looked upon as filthy, un wellnessful and unorganized. No Indian culture preaches of such treatment towards their environment yet the problem muted remains in front of our eyes.However, I believe that the solution to this urban phenomenon may lie in the way we design our built environment. It is widely pass judgment that the environment we are placed in, plays a major role in pertaining how we behave in it. This brings me towards my look questionHow roll in the hay architecture affect the behaviour of the public in order to curb the menace of littering and vandalism, hence maintain cleaner and healthier cities?LITERATURE SURVEYMy research will purport at finding a long term, objective answers towards three core topicsVandalism as a scram of social defiance.Littering as a have of social negligence.Sense of place as a tool to earn respect of the people.VandalismAlmost all major Indian cities date hindquarters at least to the colonial era and they see their fair share of social unrest in the make for of strikes, riots or revolts and some even have seen war between empires. Unrest has always existed between diametric classes or casts over the history of our cities and in the present context it mainly exists between different religious communities and much much between the public and its government. Vandalism is one of the by-products of this unrest.My research has found that vandalism is strongly associated with defiance. This defiance can be rooted toward any cause, institution or a government body. This anti-social activity has been enabled by poorly designed built environments which lack surveillance be it manned or automated. This has in any case led toward increase in crime rate in many high-rise and has eventually reduced the desirability of the housing project.In Oscar Newmans leger Defensible plaza, his research is directed towards how crime can be reduced in the housing projects of New York by designing urban spaces which will affect the behaviour of people and affectively prevent crime from occurring in the first place. The author defines Defensible Space as Defensible space is a model for residential environments which inhibits crime by creating the physical expression of a social fabric that defends itself. (Newman, Oscar 1972)His work revolves around how simple gestures in the planning soma can have a vast impact on the inter relationships of multiple users in an urban environment. His work revolves around generating spaces which are surveyed by the community, or a group rather than an individual because when people begin to protect themselves as individuals and non as a community, the battle against crime is lost. (Newman, Oscar 1972)Further his book talks about the need for a site to create a define territory which can be surveyed by the users of that territory. There is much avail in this approach as the potential criminal perceives such a space as cont rolled by its inhabitants, leaving him an intruder, easily recognized and dealt with. (Newman, Oscar 1972) Edge conditions are also a vital consideration as the outside space becomes more defensible if they are clearly demarcated for the use by one abode or a small number of households, and if they are observable by residents, neighbours and passers-by. (Cisneros, Henry, 1996)When interiors are designed, the author has found that attitude towards interior finishes and furnishings creates an institutional atmosphere, not different that achieved in our worst hospitals and prisons. Even though the materials are in fact stronger and more resilient to wear, tenants seem to go out of their way to test their apology capabilities. Instead of being provided with an environment in which they can take pride and might desire to keep up, they are provided with one that begs their ability in tearing it down( in comment of Pruitt Igoe) (Newman, Oscar 1972)Taking inferences from these approache s I aim to see whether similar principles of design can help prevent vandalism in Indias urban spaces, hence develop elevate inferences towards how cultural differences can affect this stream of though and how it can be used to my advantage if possible. Further, I would like to suss out whether this approach can also be applied towards prevention of littering in public spaces as well.Another method of reducing vandalism takes a immaterial approach a particular area involves community involvement by means of fund raising in Jefferson School District, Daly City, California where vandalism had been a concern (average daily attendance 6,100), for many years. Several schools were consistent targets for graffiti and broken windows. Maintenance crews devoted Monday mornings to sweeping glass and repainting sur events. It was time consuming, costly, and most discouraging.(Brietler,B , 1988) An mind came in 1985from the newly appointed superintendent, Joseph DiGeronimo. His plan was to o ffer an incentive program to the students. Each school would have $500 put into a reserve estimate for eventual use by students-that is, unless the money was first consumed by the costs of vandalism. The money would go to the student body to use as it wished, as long as the expenditures were legal and in good taste. (Brietler,B , 1988)The scheme was successful enough that it was able to reduce incidents from 114 in 1985-86 to 51 incidents in 1986-87. (Brietler,B , 1988)Even though my research is focused in finding a prevention rather than a cure, secondary measures will only help to reenforce the former. Since, in the Indian context, where financial gain is the main incentive to get work done efficiently, schemes of a similar nature be implemented so as to facilitate a linden treent of our urban spaces.LitteringI was initially filled with the notion that vandalism and littering are done by the same social strata and for similar reasons. But on further studying I realized that th ey are two distinct behaviours and are motivated by different factors. Vandalism had been associated in almost all my readings as an act of defiance of the people of the trim class or people who believe have been neglected by a governing body. It would be rail at to assume that it is the lack of awareness or literacy that is the root cause of littering. The most common sight of littering is that of plastics bags, disposable containers, plates and spoons Items which are attributed with the consumerist classes i.e. the middle class and high class.The Indian department of sciences and technology statesMost of todays plastics and synthetic polymers are produced from petrochemicals. As conventional plastics are persistent in the environment, improperly disposed plastic materials are a significant source of environmental pollution, potentially harming liveness. thereof Littering is not merely an eye sore but also a health hazard and, it should be a matter of concern that we keep our c ities clean so that we can benefit in the long run.Another fashion of littering is very unique to India owe to a recipe that is unique to Indian culture. Almost all public spaces can be distinctly associated with the splashes of paan cud, commonly seen at every corner of a staircase or the end of a passageway. Paan is made using a single beetle leaf with a filling which is usually constituted of areca nut, lime and cured tobacco. This form of paan is not meant to be swallowed and so spitting is inevitable. The areca nut is what is responsible for creating the blood red coloration which is the key identifier of paan cud. Paan is cheaply available to both the poor farmer and the rich merchant, and is an Indian mans pass time, chewing constantly to while away the long and monotonous day.The primary cause of this gross negligence towards correct disposal of rubbish, is because of the lack of far-sightedness of the common man. The lack of a united personality in the city, whereevery man is out at that place to fend for himself be it status, earning or justice and this has led to a fragmentation in the urban society. This is what has eluded the minds of the people, that, even trivial acts such as littering can tote up up to larger consequences. Liberalization has granted the benefit of private ownership of land, but this has allowed people to assume the corollary, that, what is not owned by them is not under their jurisdiction completely forgetting the democratically It belongs to him but at the same time, also to his fellow countrymen. This blatant thinking of in and out, mine and not mine has deluded the spirit of a common in urban society which manifests itself in the form of negligence.Vassos Argyrou argues that depending on ones position in space people may find things to be in place (have positive value) or out of place (have negative value) or, they may be invisible to the observer Therefore, the like beauty, litter is in the eye of the beholder. (Argyrou, Vassos, 1997) Depending on these characteristics society way either be proactive or they may be negligent towards littering.Peoples understanding toward cleanliness is mainly defined by their way of life. The fact that some people treat littering as eyesores is presupported by the ability to detach oneself from the world and constitute it as an object of consideration and reflection. (Argyrou, Vassos, 1997).. This portion of societys ability is rendered possible by the division between mental labour and physical labour. This is possible in those who are economically well off and have the luxury to mull over the world and its problems. The do not need to partake cumbersome labour (like brick laying and farming) in order to fight the elements of nature, rather, they would prefer to do the same through sport (by going rock climbing or hiking). They tend to contemplate the world as an esthetical reality. Trying to treat nature as a body whose truths assessed and aliments cured.By co ntrast, for many people the world is far from a comforts and conveniences, and the possibility to contemplate the world is distant. These people are compelled to work on days which, most people would take the day off. To them, the world is a battle field and life a daily struggle. Out of this confrontation akin to physical combat the world emerges as a formidable adversary and the Self emerges as a physically and mentally strong individual who, far from being deterred by the challenge, welcomes and even provokes it.(Argyrou, Vassos , 1997)They are too obstinate to give up on the challenges that face them and, given these circumstances, their aggressive approach towards life, to them avoiding littering is a far too gratuitous an act to be seriously considered.However, it would be premature to assume that the cause of this uncleanliness is because of the cut back working class and that the middle and higher classes are devoid of this attitude towards our cities. This only suggests t hat different conditions of existence predispose people to view the world and themselves, in different ways.The author later goes on to say that the middle class claim is that people litter because they are ignorant. Rather, it is that people are ignorant because they litter. The billet is significant because it implies that litter is a self- evident truth accessible to everyone. If the middle class can perceive it as a problem, villagers and urban working classes can see it too.But, as middle class rhetoric has it, they choose to ignore it and this is what makes them ignorantThis act of negligence towards the city is well illustrated by Sudipta Kaviraj, in his composing Filth and the Public Sphere Concepts and Practices about Space In Calcutta (1997), talking of the notions, of what is public in the eyes of Indians, in the city of Calcutta. He talks of how Hindoo culture is responsible for the concept for apan/par in which people only look at their property as their world, which requires attention and has to be kept clean. Whereas the border is of no importance to the dweller.The inside of a Brahmin house was often kept impressively clean, including utensils and other household goods. Interiors of houses were swept and scrubbed with punctilious regularity. Indeed, thither was an interesting connection between these duties and the religious markings on the times of day. The households internal space had to be cleaned at the hours of conjunction between lite and darkness, at dawn and dusk, which coincided with time for worship (puja). The form of this puja, especially at nightfall, was to light the auspicious lamp, which had an understated piety about it and was performed by women, who shared a strong connection with the symbolism of the interior. It would be considered odd, and faintly sacrilegious, to take the auspicious lamp into a room that had not been cleaned in preparation for this most ordinary form of thanksgiving. Thus, the cleaning chores were c onsidered quasi-religious duties for household members (mostly women). Yet the garbage collected from this obsessive house-cleaning would be dumped on a mound right in front of the house. This owed not to a material-geographic but a conceptual distinction. When the garbage is dumped, it is not placed at a point where it cannot casually affect the realm of the household and its hygienic well-being. It is thrown over a conceptual boundary. The street was the outside, the space for which one did not have responsibility, or which not ones own was, and it thence lacked any association with obligation, because it did not symbolise any significant principle, did not express any values. It was merely a conceptually insignificant negative of the inside, which was prized and invested with hearty decoration. Thus, the outsidethe streets, squares, bathing Ghats, and other facilities used by large numberswere crowded, but they did not constitute a different kind of valued space, a civic space with norms and rules of use of its own, different from the domestic values of bourgeois privacy. (Kaviraj, S 1997)Kaviraj also mentions that cast is not the only factor but the differences in perceptions between the different classes also is responsible for the littering. The middle class who were capable of affording an education attach much sentimental values to their public parks, but the lower class cannot understand the importance of the latter as much of the middle classs sentiments had aroused from historic contexts which the lower classes could not relate to callable to lack of an education. What this shows is that there were two different codes for using social space, one mapping of inside/outside and another of public/ private.(Kaviraj,S 1997)This study has helped me grasp the gravity of the situation. That there is a cultural link towards the way we maintain our public sphere and that there lies a differences of conceptual approach towards the term public by the differen t economic strata of society.Another concept I would like to focus on is the broken window theory, which says that a crime is more likely to occur if the physical environment is already abused. This phenomenon is necessary to understand as it acts as the spark to the fire if not tended to.The corollary of the theory can also be time-tested to see if extremely clean environments can also be used to create a social unacceptance toward uncleanliness of our public spaces.CONCLUSIONLittering is a social and health problem. It may be harmless in small quantities, but when it is upscaled to the urban level, it becomes a menace and a cause of concern. Today the Indian government has essay to curb littering by means of promotional messages on television. And people are well aware that it is illegal to litter. Under this circumstance, littering is not merely an act, but also a statement whose message echoes through all people who see it. Citizens who see their streets and roads littered wi ll be filled with the notion that their government is incompetent and incapable. This eventually will lead people to be lax, not just towards littering laws but also towards other restrictions, quoting the latter failure as an example. owe to its visual nature, littering spreads like a disease in the spaces of the citizen minds and then into the spaces of the city.This will eventually breed negligence among the masses and destroy community culture. This further translates into more extreme cases where our urban spaces will be vandalized to vent out anger.Therefore it is of at most importance that we take immediate action and strongly reinforce these actions with preventative measures in order to maintain a physically and mentally society.From my literature survey it has come to my knowledge that littering and vandalism have been looked at from a very objective point of view and research is directed more towards these phenomena as reactive measures and not a long term preventative me asures. Therefore I would like to focus my future efforts into finding ways in which we can prevent littering and vandalism before it can even happen.ReferencesNewman, Oscar 1972, Crime taproom through Urban Design Defensible Space, the Macmillan Company, New York.Colquhoun, Ian, Design out of crime Creating Safe and Sustainable Communities, Architectural conspireCanter, David 1977, Psychology of Place, The Architectural Press Ltd. LondonG.P.D, 2004 , Economics and Political Weekly , Vol. 39 ,No. 9.The British Medical Journal Vol .2 No. 4255 1942 ,Towards The alter City, BMJKaviraj,Sudipta 1997 , Duke University Press, Filth and the public Sphere Concepts and practices about Space in Calcutta, Public Culture.Keizer, Kees, 2008 American association for the advancement of science, Vol. 322, No. 5908 Science, New Series.Brietler, Bruce 1988 ,Taylor Francis, Ltd., Vandalism The carrot instead of the Stick, Vol. 61, No.8Argyrou, Vassos 1997,Wiley on behalf American Anthropological As sociation, Keep Cyprus Clean Littering , Pollution, and Otherness, Vol. 12, No.2Hazards of plastic, 2009, viewed 20 July 2014 TIFAC, http//www.tifac.org.in/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=739itemid=205